The density of vegetation in urban areas and in rural have very little perceived by the public. Information on the density of vegetation is very important to know because of the issue of global warming. This study aims to identify and produce maps of vegetation density in PENDAHULUAN Kota Batam merupakan bagian ProvinsiKepulauan Riau yang memiliki luas wilayah daratan seluas 1.040 km² atau sekitar 1,5 kali dari wilayah Singapura, sedangkan luas wilayah keseluruhan mencapai 2.950 km². Kota Batam beriklim tropis dengan suhu rata-rata 26ºC sampai dengan 34ºC. Kota ini memiliki dataran yang berbukit dan berlembah.

Demand for dental health care is increasing, especially in the Orthodontic field. The main objective of orthodontic treatment is to restore malocclusion conditions. Malocclusion causes aesthetics issues for the patient's face and several discomforts like a difficulty in breathing or swallowing or speaking. If not repaired, a malocclusion could lead to other diseases, such as a greater risk of perforated teeth, gum irritation and temporomandibular disorder or pain in the lower jaw. Malocclusion can be remedied by Orthodontic Brackets. This research aim is to fabricate an orthodontic bracket that is suitable for the teeth structure of the Indonesian people. The fabrication method uses an Investment Casting process. The results show that orthodontic brackets have been successfully produced within an acceptable geometric tolerance, with the exception that surface finish quality has to be improved.

Punggur sea has many habitats, object, and structured of seabed with hight tide and wave. Side scan sonar is an underwater acoustic instrument for identification of seabed. This research aims to classify types of seabed and measure seabed identification into the sea water with grain size (dB), location, altitude (m) and target using side scan sonar instrument. This research also uses one types of side scan sonar in one places with 3 line of collecting data to get more variant seabed. Side scan sonar data of 20 km of side-scan sonar profiling (CM2, C-MAX Ltd, UK) with altitude max 20 m and a working acoustic frequency of 325 kHz with the zone is taken in the punggur sea (104°08.7102 E, 1°03.2448 N until 1°03.3977N 104°08.8133 E). The data side scan sonar processed using max view software to display the image of the seabed. Results of seabed imagery in the punggur sea on track 1 have Objects found on the ship coordinates 03.3101N 1 ° and 104 ° 08.7362 E with the highest gain value is 6 dB, altitude 18 m on ping 75. Linear regression has y = 0.7016x+12.952 with R 2 = 0.4125 (41%). Track 2 has target 1 is the sunken object on the seabed, while objects in the form of sand can be seen clearly. Objects found on the sunken object coordinates 1°02.8143 N ° and 104°08.5228 E with highest gain value is 9 dB with altitude 17.7 m and data ping 69. Linear regression has y = 0.2093+12.577 with R 2 = 0.2093 (20%). Track 3 has Target 1 is the ship object on the seabed, while objects in the form of sand can be seen clearly. Objects found on the sunken object coordinates 1°02.5817 N and 104°08.7337 E with the highest gain value is 8 dB with altitude 16.5 m and data ping 3984. Linear regression has y = 0.5106x +12.84 with R 2 = 0.5106 (51%). Track 1 has many targets identification results compared Track 2 and 3.

This research is needed for knowing the hydro-oceanography component of the tides, currents and waves. Tidal measurements were obtained by the semi-diurnal tidal type with the highest tide of 260 cm and the lowest retrograde of 19 cm with observation for 4 days and the interval for 15 minutes. Measurement of ocean currents is done at 30 second intervals, the current velocity in Tanjung Bemban waters ranges from 0.26 m / s up to 0.02 m / s. Wave measurements are made by measuring the wave height, so that the wave heights range from 18 cm to 21 cm. Tides data retrieval method using Tide Pole method is measurement using measuring beam. Method of taking data of ocean current using Float Tracking method which is Lagrangian method that is measuring using floating object to sea then measured distance and its displacement. Waves data collection method using Wave Pole method is measuring wave height. The results of data processing in the form of maps and information about the condition of hydrooceanography.

Seismic data processing is one of the three stages in the seismic method that has an important role in the exploration of oil and gas. Without good data processing, it is impossible to get seismic image cross section for good interpretation. A research using seismic data processing was done to update the velocity model by horizon based tomography method in SBI Field, North West Java Basin. This method reduces error of seismic wave travel time through the analyzed horizon because the existence velocity of high lateral variation in research area. There are three parameters used to determine the accuracy of the resulting interval velocity model, namely, flat depth gathers, semblance residual moveout that coincides with the axis zero residual moveout, and the correspondence between image depth (horizon) with wells marker  (well seismic tie). Pre Stack Depth Migration (PSDM) form interval velocity model and updating using horizon-based tomography method gives better imaging of under-surfaced structure results than PSDM before using tomography. There are three faults found in the research area, two normal faults have southwest-northeast strike and the other has northwest-southeast strike. The thickness of reservoir in SBI field, North West Java Basin, is predicted between 71 to 175 meters and the hydrocarbon (oil) reserve is predicted about  with 22.6% porosity and 70.7% water saturation.