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An experiment of foliar application of potassium on cocoa has been carried out in Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute in Jember to study its effectiveness on the flowering and fruiting of cocoa. The experiment was arranged according to factorial design of 2 factors with environmental design of randomized complete blocks. The first factor was soil application of potassium fertilization in two levels, i.e. without fertilizer and with K-fertilizer as KCl. The second factor was application of potassium from two sources, i.e. KCl and KNO 3 , with 3 levels, i.e. without fertilizer (sprayed with water only), K-fertilizer as KCl and K-fertilizer as KNO 3. The experiment was done in 4 replicates. Parameters observed included newly formed flowers, new young fruits and the fresh-developing fruits. The results showed that foliar application of fertilizer was more effective than soil application and plant response was better in increasing new flower formation. On the other hand, the effect of soil application of fertilizer was slow. Foliar application of potassium followed by soil application of potassium fertilizer was more effective in the form of KNO 3 rather than in the form of KCl in increasing new flower formation. The dosage of foliar application of potassium could not significantly increase new young fruit formation. On the other hand, the dosage of soil application of potassium could increase new young fruit formation significantly. Key words: foliar application, kalium, flower, young fruit, cocoa.

Abstract. Asyiah IN, Prihatin J, Hastuti AD, Winarso S, Widjayanthi L, Nugroho D, Firmansyah K, Pradana AP. 2021. Cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula to control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. in tomato plants. Biodiversitas 22: 3256-3264. The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. can infect and cause loss production in various horticultural plants, including tomatoes. In the previous study, we found 3 endophytic bacteria isolates and 1 rhizobacterium isolate that could control several plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, we formulated these bionematicide isolates with cheap and environmentally friendly organic materials. The formula was fortified using several organic matters, vitamin sources, protein sources, and sugar sources. The research was conducted in an experimental land with a history of severe root-knot nematode infection. The analysis showed that there were 63.7 J2 Meloidogyne spp. per 100 ml of soil on the experimental land. The application was given at a time interval of 2 weeks at the concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, with a dose of 100 ml per plant. As a negative control, the plant did not give any treatments, and as a positive control, the plant was given 5 g carbofuran per plant. The results revealed that treatment with 2% bionematicide formula concentration showed the best consistent result. This treatment increased canopy wet weight by 38.63% and root dry weight by 106.97% compared to negative control. The P4 treatment was also found effective to increase fruit weight by 33.61% and fruit diameter by 26.16% as compared to negative control. Increased plant growth in P4 treatment was closely related to the total of root-knot suppression and root damage intensity. In the P4 treatment, the total of root-knots and root damage intensities was 44.83% and 32.66%, respectively, compared to the negative control. This suppression also occurred in the nematode population and nematode eggs. In the P4 treatment, the total of Meloidogyne spp. J2 in soil and root was lower by 60.74% and 66.24%, respectively, compared to the negative control. A similar phenomenon also occurred in the total of eggs, which was 79.40% lower than the total of eggs in the negative control. This study provides the latest information about a cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula, which is effective in suppressing Meloidogyne spp. infection in tomato, and promotes the growth and development tomato plant.

Corona Virus or COVID-19 is a virus outbreak in the early 2020 attacking the society and was a terrifying experience for people around the world. Banyuwangi is a regency affected by Covid-19 with the data distribution including 1911 persons positively infected, 1463 persons recovered, and 159 mortality rates. Therefore, it is necessary to study the health protocol implementation in Banyuwangi to minimize the infections. The area of research includes Karangdoro village (resilient village), Jajag Bus station, and RTH Maron. Resilient village is supported by the head of the village to enable health protocol implementation to minimize Covid 19 and to empower its residence against the outbreak. Sanitation is not managed well in RTH Maron since water waste is not IPAL standardized. It indicates that health protocols in not well implemented in RTH Maron. Jajag Bus Station shows low awareness of people on health protocol implementation due to false information on COVID 19. Solution on health protocol in new normal era is obeying and implementing 3 steps including: Masque Wearing, distancing, and hand washing to improve body cleanliness to avoid viruses. Society at all level must be hand in hand to work together by strictly implementing Health Protocol. Keywords: New Normal, Covid19, Resilient Village Karangdoro, Terminal Jajag, RTH Maron.

Decomposition of organic matter releases humic compounds, that can chelate metals include Al in acidic soils. This chelation of Al is important fordecreasing of Al activity and P fixation in acidic soils. This study was aimed to test the effect of humic compounds extracted from rice-straw compost and CaCO3 combination on aluminium activity and phosphate (available P) on an Ultisol (Typic Paleudult) collected from Kentrong Banten. A laboratory study was conducted by series consentration of CaCO3 (0, 500, 1.000, 2.000, dan 3.000 ppm) in 8 grams of acidic soil. The acidic soil had previously been subjected to continuously addition of humic compounds and none. Then, these mix of soil and CaCO3 were added 40 ml contained 5.000 ppm humic compounds to obtain 1:5 soil:suspension ratio and control was made by using aquadest. They were shaked for 2 hours every day and pH was measured. At 11st days incubation Alexch (N KCl) and soluble of P (PB and PC) were measured. The results showed that liming or addition of CaCO3 to the acidic soils decreased Alexch (precipitated to be Al(OH)3) linearly with formula y = -0.778x + 6.108; y = Alexch (Cmol kg-1), x =CaCO3 (M); R² = 0,916. Combination addition of humic compounds and CaCO3 was able to increase pH and Alexch up to not detected. The increased of P-soluble or desorption P untill 384% took place at addition of 0.0016 M CaCO3 and 5000 ppm humic compounds. More desorption of P was observed if the acidic soils has previously been subjected to continuously addition of humic compounds, such us the increased of soluble P up to 739% at addition of CaCO3 0.0008 M.