The essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum (clove bud) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) were obtained by hydro-distillation. The antimicrobial activity of  clove bud oil and rosemary oil was investigated by agar well diffusion method against four multidrug resistant strains namely Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus feacalis as well as two standard strains, Staphylococcus aureusATCC29213 and Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC27853. Both essential oils exhibited inhibitory effects towards all the test organisms, clove essential oil had antibacterial activity little higher than of rosemary oil, MICs ranged from 0.312% (v/v) to 1.25% (v/v) for all tested bacteria while MICs for rosemary oil ranged from 0.312% (v/v) to 5 % (v/v). Based on this finding, it may be suggested that these essential oils may be used as natural antibacterial agents to treat infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in woman that originates from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. According to the Iraq Cancer Registry 2009, breast cancer ranks as the first between the ten common cancers in Iraq and there is a wide tendency to increase the rate of breast cancer in earlier age group. Estimation of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors status as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(Her-2/neu) serve as specific guidance to select the patients whose benefit from endocrine therapy and provide prognostic information. The study aimed to assess the expression of ER/PR hormone receptor and Her-2/neu in breast cancer patients and correlation with various Clinicopathological aspects as a predictive biomarker.Method: The current study was performed from the period between Jan 2015-Feb 2015 in Department of Oncology that referred to Baghdad Teaching Hospital in the Medical City. Routine staining hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry (IHC) test for ER, PR and Her-2/neu expression was conducted in all cases.Results: This study includes total 30 cases of breast cancer. The age of patients were between 29-65 years with 47± 9.8 (mean ±SD). Majority of tumors are invasive ductal carcinomas represented 23(76.7%).There are significant differences between different scores were observed in IHC test for Her-2/neu status and showed 8(26.7%) out of 30 cases were positive expression.The ER and PR expression status was strongly associated and demonstrated in 21(70%) of cases.The most commune subgroup was Her-2/neu+, ER/PR+ seen in 10(33.3%) out of 30 breast cancer patients.Conclusion: HER-2/neu is positively expressed in about 26.7% of breast cancer cases.The study of ER, PR status showed higher rates of positive expression70% and was strongly associated. Using IHC examination the Her-2/neu+, ER/PR+ subgroup indicates the most common subtype 10 (33.3%) compared to other tumor subtypes in breast cancer.

Eighty clinical swabs were collected from Patients suffering from wound infection, attending medical city hospital Sixty seven isolates were diagnosed ascausative agents, they were Klebsiella spp. (22.4 %), Escherichia coli (22.4%), Pseudomonas spp. (18%), Staphylolcoccus aureus(15%),Enterobacter spp(10.4%), Proteus spp (7.5%) Streptococcus spp (3%) and Acinetobacter spp.(1.5%); Eleven antibiotics were used for suscpitbility test of drugs. Most of isolates were sensitive to lmipenem in percentage 97% and Amikacin in percentage of 89.5% while most isolate were resistance for many antibiotics like Cefotaxim (89.5%), Tetracyclin (82%), Tobramycin (77.6%), Pipracilin (77.6%) and Gentamycin (77.6%), isolates from gram positive bacteria showed sensitivity (100%) for Vancomycin .Antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris and prunus amygdalus against higher resistance isolates was estimated, using two folds dilution extracts in agardiffusion technique at concentrations of 1:2, 1:4 , 1:8, 1:16, 1:32 .Thymus vulgaris has shown anti bacterial activity against Acinetobacter spp., proteusspp. And Klebsiella spp.in all concentration were used .The lowest effect was on E.coli (12 mm, 8 mm) at concentration 1:2, 1:4. No effect was clear onPseudomonas spp., Staphylococus aureus and Streptococcus spp .Hexane extract of Sweet almond extract showed the best effect on Klebsiella spp.,Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp. at all concentrations used, while E.coli andpseudomonas spp showed sensitivity concentrations of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, the activity on Gram positive bacteria :Staphylococus aureus and Straptococus spp. was atconcentrations of 1:2 , 1:4 by measuring inhibition zone which was (8mm,7mm) and (10mm,9mm) respectively.