We study the Kramers-Wannier duality for the transverse-field Ising lattice on a ring. A careful consideration of the ring boundary conditions shows that the duality has to be implemented with a proper treatment of different charge sectors of both the twisted and untwisted Ising and the dual-Ising Hilbert spaces. We construct a superoperator that explicitly maps the Ising operators to the dual-Ising operators. The superoperator naturally acts on the tensor product of the Ising and the dual-Ising Hilbert space. We then show that the relation between our superoperator and the Kramers-Wannier duality operator that maps the Ising Hilbert space to the dual-Ising Hilbert space is naturally provided by quantum operations and the duality can be understood as a quantum operation that we construct. We provide the operator-sum representation for the Kramers-Wannier quantum operations and reproduce the well-known fusion rules. In addition to providing the quantum information perspective on the Kramers-Wannier duality, our explicit protocol will also be useful in implementing the Kramers-Wannier duality on a quantum computer.

Stress has become an important topic in academic circle. Many scholars in the field of behavioural science have carried out extensive research on stress and its outcomes and concluded that the topic needed more attention. This study checked the prevalence of stress in college students and its association with three factors. It explored the components of academic stress among post graduate students and their effects on overall academic life, intrapersonal life and social life. A questionnaire based study was conducted between Commerce and Law students in Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (UP), India. Questionnaires validity was checked and reliability was computed through the cronbach's alpha. Stress level was assessed by using a short version Stress Scale along with pretested socio demographic variables. The scale addressed academic, intrapersonal and social sources of stress. Items in the scale were daily hassles and major life events were not taken. It was concluded that the Post Graduate Commerce Students and Post Graduate Law Students have statistically significantly different mean scores regarding their overall academic life and intrapersonal life. Further, authors found no difference between the two groups in terms of their social life. A substantial proportion of post graduate students were suffering from stress. Most of the commerce students opted to talk to their friends and family, listening music, sleeping and doing religious practices to cope up with the stress while law students emphasized on sleeping, religious activities and eating. Further studies need to be carried to identify other associated factors related to academic stress.

This study was carried out to report on the factors promoting nursing students’ stress and their strategies to cope up with the stress situation. Questionnaires were manually distributed to first-year, second-year, third-year, and intern students to check their stress level. The sample was composed of 75 nursing students. Items were rated on a five-point Likert Scale. Stress among nursing students and interns was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Coping Behavior Inventory (CBI). The researchers also gathered data through open-ended questions from 18 intern nursing students. These students were at the completion of their course. This study addresses key issues that will be of interest and benefit to nursing schools that want to tackle and remove the problems of stress among nursing students. It discusses the importance of providing a good environment to students promoting a favorable study experience. This experience may be enhanced by assigning different duties to different departments, which would help in the development of their multitasking skills. This would not be possible without enough support from colleagues and teachers.