Background Colorectal cancer (crc) is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. Although the incidence of

Background: Colorectal cancer (crc) is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. Although the incidence of crc is currently very low in the older Iranian population compared with Western populations, young Iranians show a rising trend of crc—that is, the age-adjusted rate is close in the young Iranian population compared with the U.S. population, and the rate in older Iranians is much lower. Methods: To assess a putative relationship between diet and a rising rate of crc in younger Iranians, a combined text word and mesh heading search strategy identified relevant studies through Google Scholar and medline. Results: A critical look at diet among Iranians shows major issues that might be raising the risk for crc. There are also scenarios other than diet for the rise, such as the young age structure of the country. However, the actual scenario is more complex. Conclusions: In Iran, crc is one of the most common incident cancers and a common cause of cancer death. Primary and secondary prevention—with attention to a healthy lifestyle, physical activity, and screening—should be enhanced in the general population.

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