Orchid is one of the most popular ornamental plants in the world. One of the orchid genera that is collected in a large number and known to have high morphological variations in the Liwa Botanical Garden is Dendrobium. However, to date, many Dendrobium collections have not been identified. Given the urgency of identification and the limitations of specimens in the field, especially flower organs, this study is important. This study aims to determine variations in morphological characters, phenetic relationships, and to identify Dendrobium collections based on leaf morphological characters in the Liwa Botanical Garden. Five accessions of Dendrobium were collected, namely CAT140, CAT 144, CAT 271, CAT 274, and IR015. Observation of 11 morphological characters leaves showed that leaf had high variations. The phenetic relationship based on the Gower similarity value and the UPGMA method shows that the Dendrobium in the Liwa Botanical Garden can be classified into 2 main groups formed with a similarity index value of 0.813. Based on Principle Component analysis values, it is known that the characters that have a large influence on grouping are the ratio of leaf length and width, leaf cross section, and leaf arrangement. The phenetic dendrogram topology is supported by the morphological character classification. The results of this study are expected to be basic information in the identification of natural orchids and conservation efforts in the Liwa Botanical Garden.

Liwa Botanical Garden is located in West Lampung Regency which has an area of 86.6 hectares and is one of the conservation of ornamental plants that presents the flora of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. One of the flagship collections of this botanical garden is a native orchid. Disease infection is still a major obstacle in the cultivation and development of native orchid potential at Liwa Botanical Garden. Based on the results of previous studies, it is known that several individual natural orchid collections from Liwa Botanical Garden showed symptoms of fungal disease infections. Disease infections can inhibit plant growth and resistance and reduce the aesthetic value periodically. Symptoms of infection include necrotic patches on the upper surface of the leaf. This research was conducted to determine the identification of diseases and efforts to protect native orchids against fungal infections at Liwa Botanical Garden through a collection of samples that showed symptoms of infection, analysis of disease symptoms, and analysis of disease resistance levels. The results showed that the response of the native orchid at Liwa Botanical Garden to fungal infections was showed symptoms of wilting in the leaves, namely in the orchids Eria sp., Dendrobium sp., and Cymbidium sp. turns black on the edge of the leaf, Thrixspermum sp. The type of orchid most commonly infected with fungus is Cymbidium sp. a total of 8 samples, and Thrixspermum sp. 3 samples, Eria sp. as many as 4 samples, Dendrobium sp. and Calanthe triplicata as many as 6 samples. The type of native orchid that is most susceptible to fungal infections is Dendrobium sp. and Eria sp. with disease intensity of 74.11% and 22.3%. The results of this activity are expected to be basic information in efforts to protect plants against diseases to support the application of conservation of native orchids on Liwa Botanical Garden.

Keberadaan anggrek alam di Kebun Raya Liwa merupakan salah satu kekayaan flora asli Sumatera Bagian Selatan yang perlu dijaga kelestariannya. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi diketahui bahwa beberapa individu anggrek menunjukkan gejala terinfeksi virus. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mencari metode pengendalian penyakit virus yang tepat, efektif, dan efisien. Metode yang dilakukan melalui pendekatan beberapa bidang ilmu seperti biologi, proteksi tanaman, dan ilmu komputer. Aplikasi induksi ketahanan agensia hayati mikoriza endofit sebagai agen biokontrol yang mampu menekan replikasi penyakit pada tanaman dapat digunakan sebagai cara yang murah dan ramah lingkungan dibandingkan pestisida. Selain itu, penggunaan metode sistem pakar diagnosis penyakit tanaman dengan metode case-base reasoning berbasis web. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini masih dalam masa pandemi Covid-19 sehingga sebagian besar kegiatan dilakukan secara daring (online). Keseluruhan metode identifikasi penyakit berbasis ilmu biologi, penyakit tanaman, dan ilmu komputer serta upaya pengendaliannya yang merupakan hasil produk (output) kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini diadopsi oleh pihak Kebun Raya Liwa sebagai upaya pengembangan dan pelestarian koleksi anggrek alam di era industri 4.0. Hasil evaluasi diperoleh peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman peserta pelatihan dengan peningkatan sebesar 21,64 point (34,72%). Hasil kegiatan ini diharapkan tidak hanya sebatas peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman dalam peserta kegiatan, tetapi juga dapat menerapkan dan menularkan pengetahuan yang diperoleh selama pelatihan kepada komunitas pecinta anggrek dan masyarakat luas.

Lampung Indonesia is one of the provinces on the island of Sumatra, which has a flora conservation area located in Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung Regency. One of the flora species in the area with a high level of diversity is the orchid plant. The Dendrobium is the largest orchid species, where the public widely hunts this orchid for an economic reason due to the beauty of its various flower shapes and colors. Given the high level of human encroachment, this can threaten the existence of natural orchid plants, causing loss of their original habitat and causing the extinction of orchid species. Based on data in Liwa Botanical Garden, there has been no further identification of natural orchids as a plant conservation effort. To protect and immediately save these natural orchids, it is necessary to identify the Dendrobium orchid species based on the leaf morphological approach. This research will be conducted in April-September 2020. Observations of leaf morphology include leaf shape, leaf tip shape, leaf base shape, leaf edge, leaf reinforcement, leaf arrangement, leaf surface texture, leaf symmetry, and leaf sitting based on guidelines for ornamental plant characterization books. Observations as secondary data were added to the character of the pseudobulb shape and orchid habitat. Observations as secondary data were added on the habitat character of pseudobulbs and orchids. The implementation of this activity is still in the period of the Covid-19 pandemic, so most of the activities are carried out online. The coaching and training phase was conducted through internal virtual discussions on Tuesday, July 7, 2020, while the coaching phase was conducted through meetings or verbal communication via telephone groups and WhatsApp. Based on the evaluation data, it is known that there is an increase in knowledge and understanding of training participants by 21.64 points. The percentage increase in value before and after training is 34.72%. Orchid-related activities at Liwa Botanical Garden were never carried out, thus imparting knowledge to Liwa Botanical Garden technicians and workers on the development of natural orchid identification methods based on the morphological character in local natural resource conservation in the 4.0 industrial revolution era.