This paper on complaints about av‰riz assessment and payment relies on the ÛerÕiyye sicils of Kayseri. It begins by reviewing the traditional Near Eastern concept of State Justice in conjunction with the archival evidence. By examining the court cases and the imperial orders in these sicils it is possible for us to assess how the Ottoman judicial system and central administration dealt with the complaints and alleged corruption regarding the av‰riz levies in the province of Kayseri throughout the seventeenth century. It is also possible to see how common people fought with rising problems in the av‰riz system, or how they sought justice, and to what degree they knew what was their legal right and what not by examining the sicils themselves. The result of this examination will help to revise a number of misconceptions regarding complaints in the Ottoman Empire-a study of complaints from the sicils may yield a certain insight into the nature of the relationship between the centre and periphery.Cet article sur les plaintes concernant le calcul et le paiement de lÕimp™t av‰riz est fond sur les ÛerÕiyye sicils de Kayseri. Il d bute par lÕ tude du concept traditionnel de lÕƒtat de Justice au Proche Orient en relation avec les donn es trouv es dans les archives. En examinant les proc s et les ordres imp riaux dans ces sicils, il nous sera possible dÕ tablir comment, ˆ la fois le syst me judiciaire et lÕadministration centrale de lÕEmpire ottoman, ont trait les plaintes et la suppos e corruption concernant le pr l vement de lÕimp™t av‰riz dans la province de Kayseri tout au long du XVII me si cle. Il nous sera alors possible, en exploitant les documents contenus dans les sicils, de voir comment la population luttait contre les probl mes croissants dans le syst me av‰riz, comment elle avait recours ˆ la justice et dans quelle mesure elle connaissait ses droits l gaux. Les r sultats de cette analyse permettront de r viser un certain nombre dÕid es fausses ˆ propos des plaintes dans lÕEmpire ottoman; de m me, lÕ tude de ces plaintes pourra ventuellement donner une certaine id e de la nature des liens entre le centre et la p riph rie.
The avariz and nüzul levies were among the most important of the regular sources of government revenue in the Ottoman empire during the seventeenth century, but there has been relatively little study of them. Originating in the late fifteenth century as irregular imposts levied at times of military need, it is clear that by the first quarter of the seventeenth century avariz and nüzul had become virtually annual levies throughout the majority of the Rumelian and Anatolian provinces. This article examines the nature of these levies as seen through collection procedures in the province of Karaman in the period 1620 to 1700, showing how the Ottoman financial administration developed this relatively new and lucrative source of income in a consistent and fair manner.
İslamiyet'in ortaya çıkışından itibaren mescit dışında açık havada cenaze, bayram ve teravih namazları kılmak ve diğer toplu etkinliler yapmak için "musallâ" adı verilen özel mekânlar tesis edilmiştir. Bu "musalla" geleneği Türk-İslam devletlerinde de devam ettirilmiştir. Bu mekânlar genel olarak "îdgâh", "kıblegâh", "namazgâh", "musallâ" ve "secdegâh" gibi isimler almışlardır. Bu terimlerin aralarında bazı ufak anlam farklılıkları olmakla birlikte tamamı açık hava ibadet ve toplanma yerlerini işaret etmektedir. Bu türden yerler yaygın olarak Arapça "musallâ" ve Farsça "namazgâh" adıyla bilinmektedir. Bilhassa Selçuklu ve Osmanlı dönemlerinde hem şehir merkezlerinde ve mezarlıklarda hem de yol güzergâhlarında cami harici birçok musalla ya da namazgâh mekânları kurulmuş, bunların bakım ve onarımı ile görevlilerinin ücretleri için vakıflar tesis edilmiştir. Bu tesislerin ancak bir kısmı günümüze kadar gelebilmiştir. Birçok araştırmacı Anadolu coğrafyasındaki bu ibadet ve etkinlik alanlarının fonksiyonları ve mimarî özellikleri üzerine çok sayıda incelemeler kaleme almışlardır.
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