Abstract. Objective: The aim of the present study is to perform a systemic review of the previous studies executed on the association between obesity and folate. Method: In the present research, the selected keywords were scanned on the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Lilac databases between May and June, 2017 through Gazi University’s network. In total, 4236 clinical, randomized controlled, cross-sectional and prospective studies were determined and 17 of these that specifically fit the aims of the present research were reviewed. This study involved an electronic literature search of databases on folic acid and obesity published in the English language between 2000 and 2016. Results: Of the 17 studies, 5 were based on folic acid supplementation and 12 were related with participants’ folate status. As a general consequence of both intake and serum/status measurements of folic acid supplementation: It was found that obesity-associated metabolic changes might affect individual folate use and obese individuals had lower serum folate levels, although there was no change in folate intake. Conclusion: Overweight and obese individuals have lower serum folate concentrations when compared with individuals with normal weight. It is explained by increased use of folic acid, urinary excretion, dilution of blood volume, different levels in different tissues and changes in the endocrine functions of folate. Individuals with higher Body Mass Indexes have less supplement use, unhealthier diets and donot consume sufficient vegetables and fruits, all of which can affect decrease in folate levels. Furthermore, adiposity may affect folate absorption by intestinal epithelium.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the hygiene of laminated menus. Design/methodology/approach The cleanliness of 41 laminated menus from first-class restaurant in Ankara, Turkey, was monitored according to the level of bioluminescence measured using a rapid hygiene monitor (Lumitester PD-20 and LuciPac Pen). Aerobic colonies, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were enumerated. Findings Based on the adenosine triphosphate+adenosine monophosphate hygiene monitoring levels, analyses showed impurity in 82.9 percent of the samples. The aerobic colony count on the restaurant menus showed a mean 1.52 log cfu/cm2. The study results demonstrated a high-level impurity on the menus in first-class restaurants in Ankara. Originality/value This study is the first in Turkey to assess the microbiological load of menus. This paper adds relevant insights into the assessment of menu hygiene and highlights the high contamination of the restaurant menus. Useful information about including the restaurant menus in the daily cleaning protocol is provided.

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TRABZON LĠMANI ELLEÇLEME EKĠPMANLARININ YAKIT TÜKETĠM MALĠYETLERĠ ÜZERĠNEBĠR ARAġTIRMA ÖZ Limanda yüklerin gemiden karaya indirilmesi, taşınması, depolanması, taşıtlara yüklenmesi, taşıtlardan indirilmesi, karadan gemiye konulması gibi birçok işlem dizel yakıt kullanan elleçleme ekipmanları ile birlikte yapılabilmektedir. Limandaki gemi trafiği arttıkça limanda bulunan elleçleme ekipmanlarının çalışma süreleri uzamakta ve buna bağlı olarak yakıt tüketimleri artmaktadır. Dizel yakıtları birçok alanda kullanılmakta ve ülke ekonomisinde önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir. Petrolün her geçen gün azalması, petrol krizleri ve ülkemizde petrol fiyatlarının gün geçtikçe artması liman yönetimleri için de kayda değer bir maliyet oluşturmaktadır.Bu çalışmada Trabzon Limanında elleçleme yapan ekipmanların yıllara göre yakıt tüketim maliyetlerindeki değişim tespit edilmiş ve regresyon analizi yöntemi kullanılarak gelecek yıllara yönelik tahmin yapılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan gemi istatistikleri ve liman elleçleme ekipmanları yakıt tüketim verileri Trabzon Liman Müdürlüğü operasyon biriminin kayıtlarından elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, ekipmanlar için kullanılan yakıt miktarı azalsa da petrol fiyatlarında hızlı artıştan dolayı maliyetlerin arttığı tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Yakıt Tüketimi, Elleçleme Ekipmanları, Trabzon Limanı, Regresyon A RESEARCH ON FUEL CONSUMPTION COSTS OF HANDLING EQUIPMENT IN TRABZON PORT ABSTRACTOperations such as unloading goods from ship to the land, transporting, storing, loading to vehicles, unloading from vehicles and loading from land to ship, are carried out by various handling equipment, which use diesel fuels. As the ship traffic increases, operation time of the handling equipment extends and consequently, fuel consumption increases. Diesel fuels are used in several fields and are important parameters for the economy of the country. Day by day decreasing of the petroleum resources, petroleum crises and increasing petroleum prices are remarkable costs for port managements. In this study, yearly changes of consumption costs of the handling equipment in Trabzon Port were identified and projections for future years were made by using regression analysis method. The number of vessels and port handling equipment of the fuel consumption amount of data used in this study were obtained from the records of the operation unit Trabzon Port Management. As a result, although the amount of fuel used for equipment is decreasing, costs are rising due to the rapid increase in oil prices.