The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarize and comparatively analyze the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection and previous human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We also discuss the approaches for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak. glycoprotein of novel coronavirus is developed from a SARS-CoV (CoVZXC21 or CoVZC45) and a yet unknown . Nonetheless, to eradicate the virus, more work is required to

13The new decade of the 21 st century (2020) started with the emergence of novel 14 coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 that caused an epidemic of coronavirus disease in Wuhan, China. It is the third highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus after severe 16 acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome 17 coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in humans. The source of origin, transmission to humans and 18 mechanisms associated with the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 are not clear yet, however, its 19 resemblance with SARS-CoV and several other bat coronaviruses was recently confirmed 20 through genome sequencing related studies. The development of therapeutic strategies is 21 necessary in order to prevent further epidemics and cure infected people. In this Review, we 22 summarize current information about the emergence, origin, diversity, and epidemiology of three 23 pathogenic coronaviruses with a specific focus on the current outbreak in Wuhan, China. 24 Furthermore, we discuss the clinical features and potential therapeutic options that may be 25 effective against SARS-CoV-2. 26

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