Introduction: Urolithiasis is a complex process that occurs from series of several physicochemical event including super-saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation and retention within the kidneys. Data from invitro, in- vivo and clinical trials reveal that phytotherapeutic agents could be useful as either alternative or an adjunct therapy in the management of Urolithiasis. Scoparia dulcis (L.) have been reported to possess antiurolithiatic property by various folk lore practitioners. Methods: The in- vitro antiurolithiatic study of the whole plant of S. dulcis (L). through titrimetric and turbidity method to check their potential in dissolving calcium oxalate crystals using Cystone as the standard compound Result: The aqueous extract showed relatively higher dissolution of 66.96% of stones than the alcoholic extract. The turbidity showed by the alcohol extract and the aqueous extract of test drug (S. dulcis (L).) was highly significant compared to the standard (Cystone)

Introduction: Kamala(Nelumbo nuciferaGaertn.) is an emergent perennial acquatic plant, having diverse medicinal properties. Many parts of this plant like petals, stamens, seeds are used in medicine. Materials and methods: Fresh flowers of Kamala(N. nucifera Gaertn.) were procured from their natural habitat macro-microscopy, physicochemicsl standards, phytochemical study, HPTLC were carried out as per standard protocol. Results: Histological study on drug shows air sacs and pollen grains of varied shape and size. The drug found to contain high amounts of carbohydrates, flavanoids, tannins. HPTLC, has given different peaks at short and long UV.  Conclusion: Pharmacognostic standards of test drug recorded represent quality out prints of this drug. (Key words: Kamala( Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), Pharmacognosy, Standardisation)

Antidesma acidum is a folk plant of Euphorbiacae occurring in and around Udupi district in India. It is effectively used in the folklore medicine in the management of low backache and arthritis. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti inflammatory and analgesic activity in wistar albino rats. Aqueous extract of leaves of A. acidum were evaluated for possible analgesic and anti inflammatory activities in wistar albino rats. Eddy's hot plate test was used for analgesic effect. The effect of extract on the acute inflammation was investigated on Carrageenan induced paw oedema. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of the plant Antidesma acidum revealed the presence of flovanoids, saponins, steroids and phenols. The animals were divided into three groups control, standard and test.The control group administered with distilled water, standard group with Ibuprofen 100 mg/kg and the test group with 500 mg/kg aqueous leaves extract of plant Antidesma acidum. The test drug found to be inhibits the Carrageenan induced paw oedema significantly and increased the latency period in the analgesic test. The result suggest that the test group has significant analgesic and anti inflammatory potential. This study reveals that the leaves of Antidesma acidum are a potent analgesic and anti inflammatory activity which supports the traditional claim.

Introduction: Scoparia dulcis Linn. locally known as Manithumbe Gida belongs to Scophularaceae family and used in medicine by the traditional practitioners for the treatment of urinary calculi. Materials and Methods: Matured plants are collected from Udupi district and authenticated. Macro-microscopic features, physico-chemical standards, HPTLC and secondary metabolites were recorded as per standard guidelines. Result: TS of leaf has shown the presence of mesophyll and bi-collateral vascular bundles. Outer cork tissue, a layer of cortex and conjoint collateral closed vascular bundles and central pith are inclusions of stem TS. Pitted and reticulate vessels are characteristic features of plant powder. Physico-chemical standards and presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannin and coumarins were indicative of its chemical nature. HPTLC fingerprints are a record of its different chemical constituents. Thus the quality monograph prepared on this drug beneficial in future research.

Introduction: Dhanyaka(Coriandrum sativum Linn.) belonging to family Apiaceae is one such common aromatic edible herb, the fruits of which are used as carminative, antimicrobial and cooling. Classical texts of Ayurveda advocate these fruits to be used in old condition. With this background, a study was done to compare biological activity profile of Nava and Purana Dhanyaka(Coriandrum sativum Linn.) through, Gas chromatography and   in-vitro anti-microbial activity. Materials and methods: Fresh fruits of Dhanyaka(Coriandrum sativum Linn.) were collected from Rona, Gadag district and authenticated. The fresh fruits named as S1 with which essential oil extracted using clevengers apparatus. Few fruits were kept in an air tight container and stored for one year, and at the end of a year named as sample(S2), essential oil extracted and stored. Both samples were subjected for GC and in-vitro antimicrobial activity. Results and Discussion: The Essential oil of Nava Dhanyaka(S1) included 17 identified compounds which was dominated by monoterpenes and sesquiterpene; whereas S2 showed 6 identified compounds in which 3 constituents isoborneol, citronellyl acetate and geraniol were new findings.  In-vitro anti-microbial study of essential oil extract showed that Purana Dhanyaka(S2) had better efficacy with respect to the standard against the strain Escherichia coli and Candida albicans; whereas that of  Nava Dhanyaka(S1) against only one bacterial strain ie., Streptococcus pyogens. Conclusion: Preservation of Dhanyaka(Coriandrum sativum Linn.) showed biological changes in terms of  antimicrobial activity compared to fresh sample. Key words: Dhanyaka, Coriandrum sativum Linn., Gas chromatography, In-vitro antimicrobial study)