First line in abstract should be Date palm is an important fruit crop of the arid and semiarid region. In the present investigation two types of DNA based marker RAPD and ISSR were used to characterize 8 date palm genotypes grown in the Kutch region. Amplification of genomic DNA of 8 genotypes using 13 RAPD analyses yielded 88 fragments, of which 35 were polymorphic, with an average of 2.69 polymorphic fragments per primer. Two ISSR primers produced 13 bands of which 3 were polymorphic. RAPD markers were more efficient than ISSR assay with regard to polymorphic detection; RAPD markers detected 39.77% as compared to 23.07% of ISSR markers. Cluster analysis by UPGMA showed that the dendrogram obtained by RAPD and RAPD + ISSR were similar. Cluster A consisted of Early maturing, Ghanshyam and Late maturing female genotypes with 0.81 to 0.88 Jaccard's similarity range. Cluster B consisted of Seasonal female, Male-1, Male-2, Male-3 and Male-4 genotypes with 0.82 to 0.91 similarity range. Genotypes Male-1 and Male-2 were most closely related with the highest value in similarity for Jaccard's coefficient (0.91). Principal coordinate analysis differentiated one group of genotype Male-1 and Male-4 while other genotypes were randomly distributed.

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A reproducible protocol developed for in vitro regeneration of Milletia pinnata using hypocotyl segments. Multiple shoots were induced from hypocotyl explants through direct adventitious shoot bud regeneration. The proximal end of hypocotyls was responsive for shoot bud induction. Silver nitrate and adenine sulphate had a positive effect on shoot bud induction and elongation. The maximum response and number of shoot bud produced in media supplemented with 8.88 μM BAP with 108.6 μM adenine sulphate and 11.84 μM silver nitrate. Elongated shoots were harvested and successful rooting of microshoots achieved on MS media supplemented with 9.84 μM IBA, with 81.1 % rooting. Remaining shoot buds sub-cultured for further multiplication and elongation. Each subculture produced eight to nine elongated microshoots up to four subcultures. The rooted microshoots were successfully hardened and transferred to field.

Invasive alien species that is non-indigenous to an area, and which may have harmful effect on human, animal, plant health as habitat destruction, degradation and fragmentation of ecosystems. During the study observed the present status of plant diversity of invasive alien species (IAS) in Tehri District of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand. Data were collected through extensive field survey and quadrat method. Result observed that 75 Forest Invasive Species (FIS) and 47 weed species documented from the area. Among the 75 FIS, 12 species belonging from Asteraceae, 7 species from Poaceae, 7 species of Solanaceae, 5 species of Lamiaceae, followed by four species of each Ranunculaceae and Polygonaceae while the other belongs to Papilionaceae, Cyperacea, Euphorbiaceae and various other angiospermic families were recorded. Weed Species from 5 different angiospermic families were recorded. The highest diversity was reported for Asteraceae family. Species diversity of IAS indicated that study area was distinctly dissimilar or unlike in diversity and unhealthy. An investigation of the habitat depicts that herbs prevail (11 species) followed by shrubs (8 species) and trees (2 species). However, major impact of these species on the indigenous flora, change in hydrology and function of ecosystems is yet to be studied. There is an urgent need to develop regional data, information on their ecology, morphology, reproductive biology, phenology and physiology for effective management and control of IAS. Present Study will helpful in further study on developing effective management and control protocol of IAS on spreading outside their natural habitat and most prominent menaces to biodiversity.

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