Introduction: Metastatic spread of lung cancer to supraclavicular lymph nodes is considered distant metastasis for treatment purposes. Detection of supraclavicular lymph node metastasis in patients with lung cancer serves for tissue diagnosis by itself and also helps avoid more invasive biopsy from the primary lung mass itself. Ultrasonography of the lower neck can detect supraclavicular lymph nodes before they are palpable and can also be used for safe sampling of these lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of metastatic supraclavicular lymph nodes among patients with lung carcinoma in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study done in a tertiary care center, carried out from 15 September 2019 to 14 September 2020. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 84(611)E2/076/077). The study was done among 92 patients with biopsy-proven lung cancer (lung mass or supraclavicular lymph node biopsy) who were referred for evaluation, and/or percutaneous transthoracic biopsy. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 90% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 92 patients with proven lung cancer, metastatic supraclavicular lymph nodes were seen in 13 patients (14.10%) (8.17- 19.73, 90% Confidence Interval). Among 13 patients with metastatic lymph nodes, 9 (69.23%) had palpable supraclavicular lymph nodes. The majority 11 (84.61%) had round-shaped lymph nodes. All metastatic lymph nodes showed loss of echogenic fatty hilum. A total of 12 (92.30%) metastatic lymph nodes showed a peripheral disorganized pattern of vascularity. Conclusions: The prevalence of metastatic supraclavicular lymph nodes was lower than in similar studies done in international settings.

The demand for herbal medicinal products and materials is rising, and maintaining their quality is therefore becoming increasingly important. Numerous physical, chemical, and geographical factors that affect these materials' quality also affect the quality of the herbals. In addition, the quality of herbal materials is becoming increasingly a concern due to adulteration. The quality characteristics of the herbal material the herbal pharmaceuticals are assessed using a variety of chemical and phytochemical tests, analytical techniques, and hyphenated analytical techniques. Formulations made from herbs are now widely accepted as effective treatments for many ailments. the creation of reliable analytical techniques, such as quantitative assessments of marker/bioactive chemicals and other techniques, that can accurately profile the phytochemical makeup. For the manufacture and manufacturing of herbal medications, standardisation is a crucial step in establishing a uniform biological activity, consistent chemical profile, or even just a quality assurance programme. It is crucial to follow WHO-specific recommendations for evaluating the quality, safety, and efficacy of herbal medicines as a condition for worldwide harmonisation. An overview of the numerous methods used for the extraction, characterisation, and standardisation of herbal nanomedicines is presented. Keywords: herbal drugs, standardization, herbal formulation, quality control