A low profile asymmetrical fractal boundary patch antenna based on reactive impedance surface (RIS) and a mushroom unit cell (MUC) is proposed and studied for dual band operation. The sides of the square patch antenna are replaced with asymmetrical half circled fractal curves for circular polarization operation at patch mode band. The fractal patch antenna is loaded with MUC for dual band operation. The antenna radiation characteristics are investigated and illustrated with both simulated and experimental results in detail. The 10-dB return loss bandwidth are 8.48% (3.21-3.49 GHz) and 2.59% (2.30-2.36 GHz) at upper and lower resonance frequencies, respectively. The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is 4.26% (3.21-3.35 GHz). A close agreement between simulation data with experimental results is observed.

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In this paper, a novel compact microstrip patch antenna is proposed for Wi-Fi and WiMAX bands. To achieve miniaturization the dimensions of the square radiating patch are chosen with reference to the high frequency band (3.3 GHz). The dual band is achieved by loading a Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) into the radiating patch. The left handed nature of the CSRR is the cause for low frequency band (2.4 GHz). To improve the return loss bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth at upper band the fractal concept is introduced along the edges of the square patch. Thus a low volume dual band antenna is simulated using HFSS. A comparison with measured data is also presented. The fabricated antenna is found to be occupying 25% less volume (with reference to 2.4 GHz) than existing antennas which is mainly due to the blending of the two recent concepts 'metamaterials and fractals'.

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Summary The proposed research work is on fractal MIMO antenna with microstrip feeding for lower sub‐6 GHz. The design construct's goal is to improve the isolation among the patches and is constructed with a combination of circular strip and rectangular strip slots, and rectangular slots are introduced on the ground plane. The fractal‐shaped MIMO structure composes of FR‐4 material and compact size of 25 × 35 mm2. The current 2 × 1 fractal MIMO radiator resonates at a frequency 3.5 GHz for lower sub‐6‐GHz applications with directional radiation patterns. In this structure, the performance characteristics of design antenna parameters like S‐parameters, surface current distributions, and radiation pattern of the fractal MIMO radiator are investigated. In addition to antenna parameters, MIMO parameters like diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG), channel capacity loss (CCL), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and time‐domain analysis parameters are also evaluated. It has been observed that the MIMO parameters of the antenna are in the acceptable range. Fractal‐based prototype MIMO structures are fabricated as well as tested for effective radiation and impedance. The improvised MIMO design that's been installed on a printed circuit board with connector, device housing, compact size, and various types of housing shows better performance compared to the conventionally designed antennas.