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This study aims to analyze the signs associated with social issues in school spaces by using the Linguistic Landscape approach. Data were obtained from 10 public and private schools in Great Malang, Indonesia through photography. The study reports several findings, namely (1) Indonesian schools are monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual with the dominant use of Bahasa, English, Arabic and Javanese, (2) phrases and clauses dominate the appearance of data in linguistic aspects, compared to words. Therefore, they are very effective in mediating messages conveyed in signs, (3) it comprises of eight themes, namely environment, juvenile delinquency, health, discipline, motivation, attitude and behavior, religion, and nationalism, (4) there are 9 out of 18 values of character education, namely hard work, creative, discipline, national spirit, religious, honest, environmental care, reading hobby, and love for peace. In conclusion, Bahasa Indonesia is associated with the symbol of nationalism and language policy, where English, Arabic and Javanese symbolize modernization, Islam, and the local culture, respectively. Furthermore, the themes and values of character education that emerge represent the conditions of the problems faced by students. This finding suggest education through signs, evoke perceptions and attitudes which is used to strengthen character education in schools to solve social problems.

This study aims at describing the directive speech acts in the verses that contain the stories in the Qur'an. Specifically, the objectives of this study are to assess the sub directive speech acts contained in the verses of the stories and the dominant directive speech acts. The research target is the verses (ayat) containing stories in the Qur'an. This study emphasizes the problem of finding the meaning of verses pragmatically. The data in this study are all expressions of verses about the stories in the Qur'an that contain directive speech acts. In addition, the data in the form of contexts behind the emergence of the verses in the Qur'an story also included. Data collection technique used is the reading and record techniques. The data analysis was conducted using content analysis. Analysis of the data by classifying directive speech acts into 6 (six) categories of Bach and Harnish theory namely; requestives, questions, requirements, prohibitive, permissives, and advisories. The result is that the requestives speech act consist only 1 (one) paragraph, namely subdirective asking for patience. In sub-directive questions, there are 4 (four) questions that have meaning to ask about what, question tag, why, asking for permission, who, where, which, possibilities, and offering. For sub-requirements directive there are 60 (sixty) types of command. Pray command is the most number (24 verses) and command for giving attention is the second position with 21 verses. About sub-directive prohibitives, we found 19 kinds of restrictions. As for permissives, there is only one (1) verse that allows punishment. In advisories that there are 2 kinds of advises, they are 1 verse that counsel for fear of punishment of God, and advise to be humble (1 verse). Thus it can be said that the stories in the Alquran really contain messages, including a message to the people to carry out the commands of God and away from His prohibition. The purpose is to crystallize the basic principles of the movement of human history. Those principles later we call the laws of God. He continues to invite people to reflect His guidance in life.

Implicature is an implicit aspect on human communication. Text of short message service written by students of higher education (collage students) sent to their lecturers is a linguistic data that can be utilized to figure out politeness implicature of the students. Knowledge of students' politeness is important, because it is one of affective assessment forms that is not recently noticed in higher educations. The problems are: 1) how is the form of implicature of students' SMS text sent to their lecturers? 2) How is the impoliteness form of the students' SMS text? This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative approach. The descriptive approach was in form of SMS text data presentation done by the researcher. While the qualitative approach was in form of interpretation of politeness or impoliteness on the available data (SMS text). The research data were the students' SMS texts sent to their lecturers. Its data resources were submitted from the lecturers working at three big universities located in Banyumas regency. Data collection was conducted using documentation technique. Data analysis was conducted using triangulation technique. Research result showed that the students' SMS texts are commonly written in less polite tone. The lack of politeness in the SMS texts could be viewed from the time limitation proposed by the students to their lecturers. The form of impoliteness occurred because of maxim violation such as: tact maxim, generosity maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, sympathy maxim, and approbation maxim.

The study is about the use of directive speech act or Tindak Tutur Direktif (TTD) in the official meeting events held in the vicinage of Javanese culture civic government by using a gender approach. The data were collected by using the basic techniques of recording and was continued to open listening for participant-interview. The collected data were analyzed by using the techniques of intra-lingual and extra-lingual comparison together with the analysis method of means-end. The result shows that, first, the forms of TTD can be classified into 9 categories: (1) to request, (2) to advise, (3) to lead, (4) to support, (5) to interfere, (6) tooffer, (7) to offend, (8) to hinder, and (9) to counter. Second, based on the technique of speaking, female speakers or penutur Pejabat Perempuan (nPP) use the technique of literal speaking (37,65%) and the non-literal one (62,35%). Based on the technique of sending meaning, male speakers or penutur Pejabat Lelaki (nPL) use the technique of literal speaking (39,68%) and the non-literal one (60,32%). Both nPP and nPL use non-literal techniques more than literal ones. Third, based on the speaking strategy, nPP chooses direct strategy (38,82%) and indirect one (61,18%). Meanwile, the speaking strategy chosen by nPL, is (40,48%) for direct strategy and (58,73%) for indirect one. Therefore, the officialsprefer using indirect strategies in speaking. Finally, factors influencing the forms of the officials’s TTD are: (1) who the second persons are, (2) what the social relation is between nPP/nPL and the meeting audience, (3) what the social-societal status of nPP/ nPL is; and (4) the topic being discussed.