Wheat grain development after anthesis is an important biological process, in which major components of seeds are synthesised, and these components are further required for germination and seed vigour. We have made a comparative RNA-Seq analysis between hexaploid wheat and its individual diploid progenitors to know the major differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved during grain development. Two libraries from each species were generated with an average of 55.63, 55.23, 68.13, and 103.81 million reads, resulting in 79.3K, 113.7K, 90.6K, and 121.3K numbers of transcripts in AA, BB, DD, and AABBDD genome species respectively. Number of expressed genes in hexaploid wheat was not proportional to its genome size, but marginally higher than that of its diploid progenitors. However, to capture all the transcripts in hexaploid wheat, sufficiently higher number of reads was required. Functional analysis of DEGs, in all the three comparisons, showed their predominance in three major classes of genes during grain development, i.e., nutrient reservoirs, carbohydrate metabolism, and defence proteins; some of them were subsequently validated through real time quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Further, developmental stage–specific gene expression showed most of the defence protein genes expressed during initial developmental stages in hexaploid contrary to the diploids at later stages. Genes related to carbohydrates anabolism expressed during early stages, whereas catabolism genes expressed at later stages in all the species. However, no trend was observed in case of different nutrient reservoirs gene expression. This data could be used to study the comparative gene expression among the three diploid species and homeologue-specific expression in hexaploid.
Background: Oral cancer ranks in the top
three of all cancers in India, which accounts for
over 30% of all cancers reported in the country,
and oral cancer control is quickly becoming a
global health priority. We have conducted an age
period analysis of oral cancer incidence trends
using the Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR)
data in Delhi over a 24-year period (1990–2014) to
address the trends of one of the leading cancer
sites in Delhi. Materials and Methods: The data of
oral cancer proportion and incidence for the year
1990–2014 were taken from Delhi PBCR which records
cancer cases from more than 180 government and 250
private facilities. The data were segregated by
sex, age, and anatomical site and were analyzed to
calculate age-specific incidence rates and
expressed in cases per 100,000 persons/year.
Results: The highest incidence for both genders
was seen in the age group 50–59 years and the
lowest incidence for both genders was in youngest
age group (<20 years) for all the years from
1990 to 2014. The relative proportion of oral
cancer among all types of cancer in Delhi has
shown alarming rise from the year 2003 onward.
Conclusion: Increasing relative proportion of oral
cancer can be implicated in increased consumption
of gutkha chewers in the last decade of the 20th
Century. As access to health-care services and
cancer-related awareness is highly variable in
India, more in-depth analysis of the incidence of
oral cancer in rural regions will be
required.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.