ABSTRACT… Objectives:To identify risk factor of distal surface caries on mandibular second molar associated with partially erupted mandibular third molar. Setting: The study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro/Hyderabad from April 2013 to September2013. Methodology: Total 273 patients of either gender with age 16-45 years had partially impacted mandibular third molar, were included. Diagnosis was made on clinical as well as periapical view and OPG examination. Distance from CEJ of mesial surface of third molar to CEJ of distal surface of second molar was measured in millimeters. Results: Results about association of caries with other variables showed that significant association of caries was observed with gender, winter classification, Pell Gregory (ramus), and angulation with p<0.01. The association of caries was also observed with age and third molar site with p<0.05. The association was not significant with Pell Gregory (occlusal) and distance with p> 0.05. Conclusion: It was concluded with the results of this study that there was an increased risk of developing dental caries in 2 nd molar tooth at distal surface with risk factor being partially erupted mandibular 3rd molar, mesioangular, class I, level A, and angulation of more than 30 degrees. Key words:Risk Factor, Distal Surface Caries, Mandibular Second Molar, Partially Erupted Mandibular Third Molar. Article Citation: Shams S, Hassan SG, Punjabi SK, Abdullah S. Molar Caries; Distal surface mandibular second molar caries, existence and association with partially erupted mandibular third molar.

… For successful endodontic outcome, accurate working length has to be determined. Even with improved systems of working length (WL) measurement, different readings may be recorded in different electrolytes present in the canal. Methodology: Total 90 patients were selected for this prospective in vivo study resented at

Facial bones injuries results in functional disturbances. Patients may presents with flattening of normal malar prominence, lid drop, eye movement limited or with double vision, numbness of cheek area and unilateral epitasis. Emphasizing upon incision type, fixation method and occasionally reconstruction, surgeons suggest different methods for repairing complex fractures of Zygoma.

Objective: To compare the outcomes stability, malunion and intra operative time by using 2.0mm conventional miniplates and 3-D plates in management of the anterior mandibular fracture. Materials and Methods: Total 94 patients were included and equally divided in two groups. Fixation of fracture was done by 2.0mm conventional miniplates in Group-A and a single 3D plate in Group-B. Stability, healing and malunion were assessed on follow-up at 1st week, 6th week, and 12th week using Chi Square Test. Results: Stability was 91.5% in group-A and 93.6% in group-B. Clinically malunion was 12.8% at 1st week, 14.8% at 2nd week, 14.8% at 8th week in group-A while in group-B, malunion was 8.5% at 1st week, 2nd week and at 8th week. Radiographically, malunion was 12.8% at 1st week, 14.8% at 2nd week, 14.8% at 8th week in group-A while in group-B, malunion was 8.5% at 1stweek, 2nd week and at 8th week. Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that 3-D plating system has advantages over conventional 2 mm miniplates.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: In Pakistan, there is lack of awareness to maintain oral hygiene and cleaning of oral structures. The current study aims to unveil homemade remedies and self-care methods followed by a majority of the rural population to cure dental pain in Sindh, Pakistan.  METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at dental OPD of the Secondary Health Care Facility of Sindh, Pakistan, by following a random sample selection approach.  Patients from both genders representing oro-dental problems of ages ≥ 5 year were included in the study. Patient’s clinical and demographic data was collected, and further descriptive data analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel 2016. RESULTS: A total of 1627 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study. The highest number of cases (73.81%) were belonging to the age group 15-49 years, affirming that adults are at greater risk of developing toothache and dental pain. Surprisingly, about 78.97% patients had never visited any physician for seeking the clinical services. Similarly, 37.18 % of patients did not use any cleaning substance while 22.12 % patients preferred miswak for cleaning of their teeth. Only 2.95 % of patients visited dentists for proper care. CONCLUSION: Current research report concludes that from all the confirmed toothache cases, 22.13 % of patients sought care from general physicians in parallel with 22.34 % patients were preferring religious spells to manage their dental pain, which further multiplied the disease rate. However, general physicians at primary healthcare settings have limited knowledge and training in managing dental pain.