Selective reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia over sulfated CuO/γ-Al2O3 was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The optimum temperatures of the fresh and sulfated CuO/γ-Al2O3 in the selective catalytic reduction of NO are found to be 350 and 450 °C, respectively. NO reduction with the sulfated catalyst is somewhat higher than that of the fresh catalyst. The amount of N2O formation over the fresh and bulk sulfated catalysts is below 10% of NO in the feed stream. The intermediate in NO reduction by NH3 over the bulk sulfated catalyst is found to be ammonium sulfate from IR study. The activation energies of the fresh, surface, and bulk sulfated catalysts are found to be 29.4, 76.6, and 76.3 kJ/mol, respectively.

Normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (NK-AML) with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPA) mutations is known to have a more favorable prognosis. However, direct comparison of the clinical significance according to consolidation therapy has not been widely performed in patients with NK-AML. A total of 404 patients with NK-AML who received intensive induction chemotherapy were included in the present study. Diagnostic samples from the patients were evaluated for CEBPA mutations by direct sequencing. CEBPA single (sm) or double mutation (dm) was observed in 27 (6.7 %) and 51 (12.6 %) patients, respectively. CEBPA (dm) was associated with GATA2 (mut), and it was less frequently associated with FLT3-ITD(pos), NPM1 (mut), and DNMT3A (mut) in comparison with CEBPA (wild) or CEBPA (sm) (all p values <0.05). On multivariate analysis, CEBPA (dm) (p = 0.007, OR 39.593) was an independent risk factor for achievement of complete remission (CR). With a median follow-up of 40.1 months, CEBPA (dm) showed a favorable overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and lower relapse incidence (RI) in comparison with CEBPA (wild) (all p values <0.005). Comparison of clinical outcome analyses (consolidation chemotherapy vs. allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)) demonstrated the role of consolidation treatment in patients with CEBPA (dm). Allogeneic HCT was associated with lower EFS and RI and a trend of higher non-relapse mortality. However, there was no statistically significant difference in OS. In conclusion, CEBPA (dm) was associated with other molecular mutations. Consolidation chemotherapy alone may overcome higher relapse rates by reducing the treatment mortality and increasing survival after relapse events in patients with CEBPA (dm) in NK-AML.

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Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.