No abstract

To understand transition characteristics from wood to charcoal, Quercus variabilis wood was carbonized at 200, 250, 300, 340, 540 and 740°C, respectively. Heating value, pH and surface property by FT-IR spectroscopy of the carbonized charcoal were investigated. Heating value and pH increased with increasing carbonization temperature from 4500 cal/g and 4.3 of the control wood to 8,000 cal/g and 9 of the charcoal carbonized at 740°C, respectively. From FT-IR spectroscopy, the peaks from O-H, C-H and CO stretching disappeared during carbonization at 540 and 740°C. Aromatic skeletal vibration at near 1,506~1,593 cm-1 was repidly increased until 540°C. These results suggest that the chemical and physical characteristics of wood components in cell wall can be easily changed by increasing carbonization temperature and the carbonization seem to be incomplete at temperature below 540°C.

This study has been carried out to investigate the characteristics of pellets manufactured from sawdust, and a mixture of liquid wood-tar and sawdust. Pellets were prepared at room temperature under 2000 kgf/cm 2 using an universal testing machine. The pellets prepared from Q. variabilis wood had slightly higher density than those prepared from P. densiflora wood. The amount of fine particles from Q. variabilis wood pellets was smaller than those from P. densiflora wood. The pellets from P. densiflora wood had higher heating values than those from Q. variabilis wood. The wood pellets manufactured with wood tar showed higher moisture content, density and heating value, but lower fine particles. From the experimental results, it is suggested that wood tar can be used to obtain the higher quality wood pellets.

The anatomical characteristics of the ten Indonesian wood species (Gmelina, Jeunjing, Mangium, Durian, Gandaria, Jengkol, Kupa, Mangga, Nanaka and Rambutan) were investigated by optical microscopy. All the species were diffuse-porous with solitary and radial pore multiple. In Mangium, however, tangential pore multiple was observed as well. Tangential diameter of pore was larger than that of radial one except for Jeunjing and Nangka. Nangka showed the largest tangential diameter of pore among the species. Vessel number per mm 2 of Mangium, Gandaria and Kupa was higher than that of the other species. Especially Kupa showed highest vessel number. The tangential width of axial parenchyma cell in Gmelina, Mangium, Kupa and Mangga was larger than that of wood fiber, while the other species showed the opposite trend. Mangium was the largest in tangential width of axial parenchyma cell. Rays were homocellular composed only of procumbent cell in Gmelina, Jeunjing and Rambutan. Heterocellular rays composed of procumbent cells in the body and one row of upright and/or square in the margin are observed in Gandaria. Mangium, Durian, Jengkol, Kupa, Mangga and Nangkabody showed heterocellular rays composed of procumbent cells in the body and mostly 1∼2 rows of upright and/or square cells in the margin. Crystals occurred in Durian, Gandaria, Jengkol, Jeunjing, Mangga and Rambutan and silica in Jeunjing and Mangga.

This research has been carried out to investigate the characteristics of cellulose nanofibers-156-1)