Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of intentional change of the frontal ramal inclination (FRI) from virtual to actual orthognathic surgery.Materials and Methods:A total of 16 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery for correction of facial asymmetry and took cone-beam computed tomography 2 to 3 weeks before surgery (T0) and 3 days after surgery (T1A) were selected. After reorientation of cone-beam computed tomography, the digital imaging and communications in medicine data was converted to StereoLithography format for the merging with dental cast scan using R2GATE software (MegaGen Implant, Daegu, Republic of Korea). During virtual surgery using Geomagic Freeform Plus software (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC), bilateral FRI discrepancy was corrected (T1V) and 3D-printed surgical wafers and customized metal plates were manufactured using 3D printer (Meg-printer II, MegaGen Implant, Daegu, Republic of Korea) and computer numerical control milling machine (ARDEN, TPS Korea Ltd., Gwangju, Republic of Korea) accordingly. During surgery, FRI correction was done using surgical guide and customized plates. The difference between preoperative and virtually corrected FRI (Δ T1V — T0) and the difference between preoperative and actually surgically corrected FRI (Δ T1A — T0) were measured, and the achieved FRI correction in percentage ([Δ T1A — T0]/[Δ T1V — T0] × 100) was calculated.Results:The mean absolute value of virtual FRI correction (Δ T1V — T0) and actual FRI correction (Δ T1A - T0) were 3.0° and 2.9°, respectively (n = 32). In the increased (medial rotation) FRI group, mean virtual and actual correction amount were 3.2° and 2.8° (n = 17), whereas in the decreased (lateral rotation) group, mean virtual and actual correction amount were –2.7° and –3.1°, respectively (n = 15). No statistically significant difference between virtual and actual measurements were present in either group. The mean achievement rate was 102.8%. Tendency of undercorrection (91.2%) in the increased FRI group and overcorrection (116.0%) in the decreased FRI group were noted.Discussion:With virtual planning and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing-made customized plates, it is possible to correct FRI during orthognathic surgery of patients with facial asymmetry.

Background Surgical ciliated cysts, also known as postoperative maxillary cysts or implantation cysts, occur mainly in the posterior maxilla after radical maxillary sinus surgery; they rarely develop in the mandible. They are thought to occur when the sinonasal epithelium is infiltrated by a surgical instrument during surgery or as a result of transplantation of bone or cartilage with respiratory epithelium attached. Case presentation We report a case in which a surgical ciliated cyst developed in the anterior part of the mandible, presumably as a result of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and genioplasty performed 24 years earlier. We then review the few similar cases reported in the literature. Conclusion Surgical ciliated cysts in the mandible are extremely rare, but they could occur after simultaneous surgery on the maxilla and mandible, even decades later. To prevent surgical ciliated cysts in the mandible, we recommend that the surgical instruments, especially the saw blade used during bimaxillary surgery, be new or cleaned and that previously placed plates and screws be removed at an appropriate time.

Detecting fingerprints at a crime scene is one of the most crucial factors in the preliminary investigation, and represents a considerable part of any crime scene investigation. Fingerprints obtained at a crime scene are processed into digital data, which can be used with an AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) and used to identify persons of interest. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly record fingerprints at a crime scene. This research offers an infrared photographic system that can efficiently record the fingerprints at a crime scene. We conducted an experiment, using IR bandwidth filters of 10 * 15 nm and tungsten illumination of color charts, recorded with an IR capable camera, which indicated that this configuration can record multi-colored backgrounds as a single bright color. The purpose of this experiment is to find the optimum infrared wavelength that can remove the complex multi-colored backgrounds of the fingerprint on the surface. In addition, we made an infrared lighting system with the optimum infrared wavelength after considering both the infrared capacity range of an adapted digital camera and the result of the experiment. The IR lighting system uses an LED (light emitting diode), which has its peak at 940 nm, as the light source, and is designed to be attached to the front of a lens. In addition, this system can be easily used by anyone for infrared shooting when used with a digital camera that supports a live-view mode. In a second experiment, pretreated fingerprint samples are photographed in a darkroom using the adapted digital camera and the infrared light system proposed in this research. Since carbon-based black fingerprint powder cannot be illuminated to appear bright, the method of illumination and image recording, combined with the application of black powder to a fingerprint, results in the recording of an image where the fingerprint is dark with a bright background. The fingerprint can be isolated from the multi-colored background that normally make the fingerprint difficult to record. We hope that it will be a method that can supplement the loss from fingerprint 'lifting' techniques, which are the mostly commonly used detection techniques at crime scenes today.

Generally speaking, a document is a mutual promise between two parties and functions as a legally-binding trust for a transaction. A document should be produced on a mutual agreement basis, and its credibility shall be attained if the transparency of a document production is ensured. Therefore, sequence analysis of the procedures in a document production is very important for appraisal of a document. The purpose of this research is to distinguish sequence association between the erased carbon ingredients of a pencil and the ingredients left in a ball-point pen and thus suggest a method that determines whether mutual agreement was applied or not in signing an insurance policy. This method analyzes if the carbon ingredients of a pencil are left in the bottom section of a ball-point pen through infrared photography. If the carbon ingredients of a pencil are left in the bottom section of a pen, the pen shall absorb infrared rays and mark a dense concentration. This method applies a relatively simple infrared photography system and therefore shall be beneficial to a personal appraisal store.