SummaryWe measured heating of isotonic saline by three fluid warmers in six experiments: saline at 5°C or 20°C delivered at 30, 50 or 100 ml.min À1 . At the three flow rates, the enFLOW The results for saline at 20°C were similar. The enFLOW system heated saline above 36°C faster than the ThermoSens system, whereas the buddy lite often failed to achieve 36°C.

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This study was to know the better wave length on measuring cobalt content in forage sorghum hybrid (Sorghum bicolor) with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The analysis was on background correction mode with three wave lengths; 240.8, 240.7 (determined wave length or recommended wave length) and 240.6 nm, respectively. The larger absorbance value on the 240.7 nm, apparently, it might be considered as a good wave length but the smaller background value was a more important factor for the analysis as was shown on 240.6 nm. Correlation coefficients between the values on 240.7 nm: 240.6 nm and between them (240.8 nm: 240.6 nm) were higher and this common 240.6 nm was considered the better wave length.

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