This study aimed to identify influences of depression, anxiety and stress-coping aspect upon smoking desire of undergraduates, depending on their lifestyles. Method had analyzed each measuring item in a way of structural equation of SPSS17.0/AMOS 5.0, then reliability analysis was conducted. The measuring items included health-conscious, fashion-conscious, grade-conscious, physical figure-conscious and convenience-conscious in students' lifestyles had correlation with depression, anxiety and stress-coping aspect. Also it was studied if their depression, anxiety and stress-coping aspect had influences upon smoking desire. The result showed that students health-conscious, grade-conscious, and physical figure-conscious had correlation with depression and anxiety, and among them, those health-conscious, grade-conscious, and physical figure-conscious had led to smoking desire. Conclusion showed that students' lifestyles may accompany depression and anxiety, ultimately causing smoking desire. Accordingly, this study can be consider to develop smoking prevention educational programs and policies.

Adopting a contextual, systematic perspective, the present study aimed to understand whether an individual’s adverse circumstances in one domain have a continuous effect on his or her maladaptation in another domain. The Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey data set, comprising a stratified sample of 1,932 students recruited from 95 schools from 16 cities in Korea, was used for pattern identification, latent class analysis, and latent transition analysis. Consistent with Masten’s resilience model, latent class analysis was used to identify the following four types of patterns: resilient, maladaptive, vulnerable, and competent-unchallenged. These four patterns were clearly identified at Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3. Latent transition analysis was used to identify the continuity and change patterns in the four groups across the developmental pathology. The transition probabilities from Time 1 to Time 2 were relatively unstable, with many variations observed among the latent classes; however, the transition probabilities from Time 2 to Time 3 remained relatively stable. An in-depth discussion of the findings and their implications is provided.

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