It is often argued that a blend of personality characteristics is necessary for people to be successful in their career. Educators, researchers, and psychologists have been constantly searching for parsimonious set of variables that predicts patterns of students' behaviours and their relationship to academic achievement .so this study was done to find out the relationship between Big Five personality traits and academic achievement in an undergraduate medical students (n=150) .In this study All personality traits are positively and significantly predicted students overall grade except Extraversion. Of all traits Openness and Neuroticism were positively related to student's academic achievement than agreeableness and conscientiousness and are more important predictors of overall grade of the students. Extraversion was positively related (r =.150) but not statistically significant. The present results provide evidence supporting the Relationship between Personality Traits and Academic Performance in medical students.

Age is one of the important factors in the clinical interpretation of Brainstem auditory evoked potential waveform components and it can change the value of peak latencies and interpeak latencies among different age groups. Initial auditory responses in neonates appear in the 26 th and 27 th weeks of pregnancy. Progressively over time, these follow a "maturation pattern" in which interwave intervals and latencies decrease and the amplitudes of the BAEPs increase. So the following study was performed to show the effect of maturation on BAEP wave latencies and amplitude from infants to children (1 month to 5 years) & adult (18-25 years). We recorded BAEP from sixty subjects; from them 40 were infants & children and 20 were adults. The recording was done using RMS EMG EP MARK II machine manufactured by RMS recorders and medicare system, Chandigarh. The absolute latencies and interpeak latencies for most waves reached to adult equivalence between 9 months to 3 years. The amplitudes of all BAEP waves increased with age, the greatest changes occurring during early infancy. It is clear that there is a distinct maturation pattern for the Brainstem auditory evoked potential.

Brainstem auditory evoked potential is a physiological technique for evaluation of auditory pathway. A number of electrical potentials can be recorded from the human scalp following acoustic stimulation. The potentials which occur within 10 msec of the stimulus onset termed the brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). Latency appears to be the most stable measure and in consequence knowledge of the exact limits of normal latency of each wave is important. Since age effects on central conduction time in the acoustic pathway are still debated, the following study was conducted to investigate possible age differences in BAEP component latencies in different age groups. BAEP were elicited from seventy five normoacoustic male subjects aged from 11-60 years. The recorded results are grouped according to patients age ranges of 11-20 (15), 21-30 (15), 31-40 (15), 41-50 (15) and 51-60 (15) years. The absolute peak latency of waves I, III & V and interpeak latency of wave's I-III, III-V & I-V in various age groups are analyzed. The data collected from both ears showed that increase in age will cause an increase in peak latency and interpeak latency values of all waves. Significant changes in the BAEPs in our study support the possible role of age as contributory factors for normal variations.

Metallo-betalactamase producing pseudomonas aeruginosa have been reported to show resistance to carbepenem drugs. Detection of metallo-betalactamases producing pseudomonas is now important to prevent their spread as dissemination of these bacteria could be fatal to the patients. The present study was undertaken over period of six months from November-2010 to May-2011 in Kesar SAL Medical College & Research institute, Ahmedabad to study the incidence of MBL producing pseudomonas aeruginosa from various clinical specimens. 100 isolates were obtained from different clinical samples of patients. These isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing to antipseudomonal drugs as per CLSI guidelines they were further screened for production of MBL by two methods i.e. EDTA impregnated imipenem double disc synergy method and Imipenem -EDTA combined disc test.. Out of hundred isolates 55 imipenem resistant isolates were screened for MBL production. 38 isolates showed MBL production. MBL production was found to be 9.09%. This presents therapeutic challenge to the clinicians and also needs proper selection of antibiotics especially carbapenems.

BACKGROUND:Extended spectrum beta lactamases continue to be major problem in clinical setups world over, conferring resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infectious diseases encountered in the clinical practice. Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) production in gram negative bacteria, have emerged as a major problem in hospitalized as well as community based patients. ESBLs producing bacteria may not be detected by routine disc diffusion susceptibility test, leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics and treatment failure. The objective of this study was to determine the resistance patterns of the micro-organisms isolated from cases of UTI and to detect ESBLs production in gram negative bacteria. METHODS: Urinary isolates from symptomatic UTI cases (both in patients and out patients) attending the, Kesarsal Medical College and Hospital Ahmadabad were identified by conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method gram negative isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins were tested for ESBL production by two methods. RESULTS: Number of urinary isolates from patients with symptomatic UTI was 350 over a study period of one year. E.coli was the predominant isolate (57.7%) both in IPD and OPD patients. A total of 171 gram negative isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins were tested for ESBL production by two methods-Modified Double Disc Synergy Test (CLSI) Phenotypic Confirmatory Test (PCT). ESBL production was seen in 36 (21.05%) isolates. Maximum ESBL production was seen in K. pneumoniae (22.41%) isolates followed by E.coli (13.26%). CONCLUSION: This study showed E.coli to be the predominant urinary pathogen isolated from UTI cases. Overall incidence of ESBL producing microorganisms was 21.05%.