<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Last two decades tracheostomy is assumed its rightful place as a safe simple procedure with a wide range of usefulness. Laryngeal obstruction became recognized as the chief indication for tracheostomy. Now a day, this is performed in head and chest injuries and other conditions where in normal respiratory efficiency is impaired. The present study was done to analyze the various indications and study the prevalence of tracheostomy and compare it between emergency and planned tracheostomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study includes patients who are intubated, that are referred from ICU with prolonged ventilation and those admitted into ENT ward with various indications. In this institute tracheostomy is done between 5th and 10th day for patients on mechanical ventilation.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 80 total tracheostomies horizontal procedure done in 42 cases and 38 cases are vertical procedures. Horizontal procedure has more advantages than vertical procedure. Among 80 total procedures 48 cases are done under general anaesthesia and 32 cases under local anaesthesia. Most of the cases are elective done under general anaesthesia because patients are already intubated. Out of 80 cases 5 cases developed sudden apnea, 5 cases developed haemorrhage, 6 cases developed surgical emphysema and subglottic stenosis is developed in 1 case.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is evident from this study that prolonged mechanical ventilation is more common indication for tracheostomy. Majority of the tracheostomies are done in malignant conditions either carcinoma larynx or carcinoma hypopharynx with stridor and dyspnoea. This indicates not only the prevalence of malignancy in this region but also the dreaded ness of this disease causing air way.</p>

Background: India being a developing country, causes of Blindness in India will be different than developed countries. There are 10million (37 million in world) blind people in India today in which 80 percent if taken care in time, completely preventable. AIM:  To evaluate sex predominance, prevalence of different types of lens induced Glaucoma and its visual outcomes in patients attending government general hospital, kadapa. MATERIAL AND METHODS:  This prospective study was conducted in Ophthalmology department of government general hospital, kadapa, Andhra Pradesh from January 2018 to June 2019. 32 Patients visiting the Hospital with classical symptoms of Lens induced Glaucoma were taken into study. RESULTS:  A Total of 32 patients were taken into this study in which 12(37.50%) were male patients and 20(62.50%) were Female. Among different LIG patients maximum patients had Phacomorphic Glaucoma accounting 62.50% (20 patients) and Phacolytic Glaucoma 34.37% (11 patients). Keywords: Lens-induced glaucoma, Cataract, Phacomorphic glaucoma, Phacolytic glaucoma and Small incision cataract surgery (SICS)