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This paper uses a systematic literature review to discuss US-China trade tension. The study discusses the US-China trade tension and its impact on the global economy because the US-China trade war is imminent at the point in time since President Trump came to power in 2016. This research aims to examine how US-China trade tension is unfolding and the significant change of this trade tension on the world economy. The systematic literature review was engaged to capture the sequence of the event as they are happening between the US and China with regards to trade barriers. This research reviewed 19 peer-review journals and some news items and WTO resources relevant to this study. This study revealed that the US-China trade tension has affected consumer goods to some extent but it may not affect the global economy currently. However, it is evident that in the long-run; the US-China trade war will have an impact on the lives of people and the global economy if the issue continues to intensify. In conclusion, the economy of the US has declined drastically by 0.8% while China also experience 0.4% fall in the economy in 2019. The impact is currently not severe on the global economy but if the tension continues it might have a negative impact on the global economy. The trade deficit is getting wider between China and the US.

The present study discussed the ECOWAS common trade in member countries indicates greater optimism in adoption of single currency. ECOWAS Common Trade Policy is an essential tool for the member countries to eliminate all forms of trade barriers to foster growth and development. This paper took the form of review of the Common Trade Policy in the perspective of trade liberalization, governance and tariff and non-tariff measure in eliminating trade barrier in the region.Intra-states trade is the answer to growth and sustainable development. Single currency proposal and adoption should not be lip service but pragmatic because this will enhance consolidation and strengthening economies of the nation sates in term of business. Flexibility in tariff and non-tariff measure should be encouraged and custom barriers be removed. In conclusion, all efforts must be directed to realization of single currency in ECOWAS region by 2020 to ease business and trade.

Democratic governance has been seen as a catalyst for inclusive growth and meaningful development in many countries. Shifting from authoritarian rule to more democratic rule has also been seen as essential for many governments worldwide. Democratic governance is often a problem for developing countries, including most African countries and particularly The Gambia. This paper analyses the shift towards a more democratic governance style that is heated debated in The Gambia. The debate started when one of the coalition government members asserted that they could achieve regime change; however, a democratic system change remains lacking. This paper has sought to analyze whether the shift toward a more democratic leadership style in The Gambia is one of system change or regime change and ascertain what has democratically changed and bad governance in the new government. This article’s main objective is to create political awareness and enlighten the readers on the change’s misconceptions towards democratic governance. The discussion focuses on democratic governance and the collective action theory of governance to explain the democratic process in New Gambia. This study adopts qualitative case study research methods; the research employed a systematic review of the existing scholarly journal articles, books, newspapers, and television interview recordings. The observation used to identify, understand, and interpret the democratic governance situation in The Gambia from 2017 to 2019. The findings show that the coalition government has succeeded in achieving a democratic regime change; however, the democratic system change itself is too slow, or it is not happening. For the first time in The Gambia’s history, a seating president defeat through the ballot box. In conclusion, the democratic governance system change is far-fetched. It is vital to state that there is little or no difference between Jammeh’s regime and the current regime under President Barrow’s leadership. The same problems continue to persist. Finally, the transparency and accountability mechanisms must be enhanced to address the endemic problem of corruption.

The purpose of applying socio-ecological resilience is that there are significant changes in climate and scientist established that the planet is getting wormer on yearly basis and sea levels are rising. The climate pattern is also changing rapidly and rainfall shortage become a challenge. Human actions are responsible for changing climate through emission of greenhouse gas in atmosphere which keep depleting the ocean layers by make the planet earth wormer. Disaster is a natural phenomenon that happen with or without the expectation of human. Food system resilience is important in this discourse as disasters are an unforeseen circumstance. The concept of resilience was introduced in development to help resort the communities affected by the natural calamity. Governments formulate resilience policy as a strategy for disaster preparedness. This article used qualitative analysis in discussion. Food system resilience was used in the context of socio-ecological system which entail environmental issues and societal values in ensuring food security. Food system resilience was discussed in connection to SDGs goal number two (Zero Hunger). The weight of the discussion is centred around socio-ecological system in boasting food security.It is evident that the two countries have something in common but defer in many aspects of their development priorities and pace. They both need more improved crops or variety of cereals to ensure food security and public awareness creation on resilience policy and actions is a necessity.