American Cancer Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Swiss Re; Swiss Cancer Research foundation; Swiss Cancer League; Institut National du Cancer; La Ligue Contre le Cancer; Rossy Family Foundation; US National Cancer Institute; and the Susan G Komen Foundation.

Summary Liver cancer is the most common cancer in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand, because of the high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA). Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), a liver fluke, is endemic in the area, and has been evaluated as a cause of CHCA by International Agency for Research on Cancer. Residents of 20 districts in the province were invited to attend a mobile screening programme between 1990 and 2001. Of 24 723 participants, 18 393 aged 35–69 years were tested for OV infection, by examining stools for the presence of eggs. Prevalence of infection in each district was estimated from the sample of the population who had been tested. The incidence of liver cancer in 1990–2001 was obtained for each district from the cancer registry. The average crude prevalence of OV infection in the sample subjects was 24.5%, ranging from 2.1% to 70.8% in different districts. Truncated age‐standardized incidence of CHCA at ages >35 years varied threefold between districts, from 93.8 to 317.6 per 100 000 person‐years. After adjustment for age group, sex and period of sampling, there was a positive association between prevalence of OV infection and incidence of CHCA at the population level. Associations between CHCA and active OV infection in individuals have become hard to demonstrate, because of effective anti‐OV treatment. The relationship may, however, be clear in comparisons between populations, which, for infectious diseases, take into account the contextual effects of group exposure in determining individual outcome. The cancer registry is an appropriate tool for disease monitoring in small areas.

The level of invasiveness and lymph node status were found to be associated with patient survival, as was adequacy of surgery. We recommend R0 resection be attempted for patients with IPNB.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a common malignancy in northeastern Thailand. Over the last 4 decades, several policies have been implemented for its prevention, but there has been no update on the trends and relative survival (RS). Our aim was (a) to perform a statistical assessment of the incidence trends of CCA and project future trends, and (b) to estimate relative survival. Methods: All cases of CCA diagnosed from 1989 through 2013 were abstracted from the Khon Kaen Cancer Registry (KKCR).A jointpoint regression model was used to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) and to project future trends. We also calculated RS.