Introduction:This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), 7% maleic acid and 0.7% fumaric acid in smear layer removal from the root canal walls.Materials and Methods:Forty single-rooted mandibular premolars were collected and prepared till F3 rotary ProTaper file with 1 ml of 3% of sodium hypochlorite after each instrument change. Samples were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the final irrigating solution: 17% EDTA, 7% maleic acid, 0.7% fumaric acid, and 0.9% saline. The samples were prepared for scanning electron microscope analysis to observe smear layer removal at coronal, middle, and apical third level of root canal system.Results:At coronal third level, fumaric acid was equally efficient in smear layer removal when compared to maleic acid and EDTA without any significant difference between them. At the middle third, fumaric acid showed significantly better results than maleic acid followed by EDTA. At the apical third, both fumaric acid and maleic acid were equally effective without any significant difference between them but both showed significantly better results than EDTA.Conclusion:Fumaric acid can be tried as a new irrigating agent for smear layer removal in root canal system.

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This study was carried out to compare the different techniques of placement of polyethylene fibre (Ribbond) on reinforcement of endodontically treated teeth with MOD cavities in vitro. Forty extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10). Teeth in Groups I-IV received root canal treatment and a MOD cavity preparation, with gingival cavosurface margin 1.5 mm in coronal to cementoenamel junction. Group I served as no fibre group, Group II as occlusal fibre group, Group III as base fibre group and Group IV as dual-fibre group (occlusal and base both). Subsequent to restoring with composite resin and thermocycling, a vertical compressive force was applied at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm min(-1) using universal testing machine until fracture. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests. Fracture resistance was significantly highest in dual-fibre group (P < 0.001) as compared with other groups. The highest favourable fracture rate was observed in the base fibre group (70%). This study concluded that the use of polyethylene fibre inserted over or under the restoration significantly increased the fracture strength of the root canal-treated teeth and maximum fracture resistance was observed when cavity was restored using dual-fibre technique.

Plasma is the fourth state of matter and other states of matter are liquid, gas, and solid 4. Plasma occurs as a natural phenomenon in the universe in the form of fire, in the polar aurora borealis and in the nuclear fusion reactions of the sun and also can be created artificially which has gained importance in the fields of plasma screens or light sources 1. There are two types of plasma: thermal and non-thermal or cold atmospheric plasma. Thermal plasma has electrons and heavy particles (neutral and ions) at the same temperature. Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) is said to be non-thermal because it has electron at a hotter temperature than the heavy particles that are at room temperature.. Cold Atmospheric Plasma is a specific type of plasma that is less than 104°F at the point of application 4. So the bright future of dentistry with help of cold plasma.

Abstract:Aim:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different root canal sealers (MTA Fillapex, Real Seal SE, Acroseal and Zinc Oxide Eugenol)