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Moler disease of shallot (MDS) or basal plate rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capae (Foce) is an important disease on shallot. In low land such Brebes Central Java where is one of the center production of shallots in Indonesia, the disease is the most important and harmful. The specific symptom of the disease is a twisting leaf so the farmers call it as "Moler" meaning twisting. In the fields, the disease intensity can reach over 70%. So far the disease is still difficult to control. The control development of MDS is important to do. It is understood well that biological control of disease is promising for the future of plant production. The effectiveness consistence however is one of problem in single application of biological control agent. The problem is caused by varies environmental condition in the fields that are not always favourable to biocontrol agents. To minimize the risk of failure to control, it is necessary to use the controlling agent in an integrated or combination manner. Trichoderma and Bacillus were two biocontrol agents having been studied to control plant diseases showing effective to reduce disease intensity of MDS. The research aimed to study the effectiveness of Trichoderma and Bacillus to control MDS in a combination manner. The works in vitro were conducted in laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases, whereas the works in vivo were arranged by completely randomized design (CRD) with 360 plant samples. The data were analyzed by Duncan's test. The results showed that the application of Trichoderma and Bacillus in vitro had a significant effect on decreasing the growth of pathogenic Fusarium and both microorganisms were antagonistic each other. In vivo however, the antagonism was not significant. The effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus sp. to control MDS singly in vivo reached up to 34.42% and 24.76% respectively. The implication is that the couple biological control agent is possible to apply in combination manner to minimize the risk of failure in single manner application.

Shallot is one of an important vegetable in Indonesia. The yield of the crop is often constrained by low and unbalanced nutrient supply in the soil. The application of vermicompost based on soybean husk and cow manure can increased nutrient supply in the soil. This research aimed to obtain the optimum vermicompost formulation and doses based on soybean husk and cow manure on shallots. This research is a field that arranged Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 1 factor (vermicompost formulation (V) that consisted 4 doses for each treatment and 3 replication was applied. The treatment consisted of vermicompost formulation (V): 100% soybean husk, 100% cow manure, 50% soybean husk: 50%: cow manure, 75% soybean husk: 25%: cow manure and 25% soybean husk: 75%: cow manure. Each treatment consisted of four doses: without application, 5, 10, 15 t. ha-1, so the total treatment was 20 level. Data were analyzed using the least significant difference (LSD) test. The result indicated that vermicompost formulation gave significant effect on all of observation parameters on the growth and yield. The lowest response of shallots occurred in the treatments without vermicompost application on all formulations, and the highest was in the 100% soybean husk formulation at a dose of 15 t. ha-1.

The objectives of this study were to identify characteristics of small fishermen household; model smallholder household economy based on production decisions, work-flow allocations, income, and consumption; simulate policy scenarios for increasing production and income of small fishermen household. The analytical method in this study uses the Two-stage Least Square (2SLS) method which is used to estimate the parameters of an equation with program SAS 9.1.3, while the simulation analysis is used to obtain policy alternatives that can increase the production and income of small fishermen. The result of the research average total production of beltfish is as much as 13,3 kg per month. The small fisherman households in the study area allocated the work time of their household members to the on-fishing activities at 36.4% and non-fishing at 63.6%. There is a relationship between production, work time, income, and consumption in the economic model of small fisherman households. The choice of policy to improve fishing technology can increase the production and income of small fishermen while the increase in fuel price will decrease the income of small fishermen households.