Environmental damage will disrupt the ecosystem to support life. Unsustainable agriculture can be a source of environmental degradation. Conventional agriculture may have an effect on the environment, thus the participation of various parties in sustainable agriculture is needed. Organic agriculture is developed as an environmentally friendly agricultural cultivation with many benefits. Compared to the attention on occupational health, safety and environmental problems, economic motives receive less attention. This study aims to calculate the costs arising from the health impacts of vegetable cultivation. There were 314 respondents interviewed in this study. There were significant differences in the sickness complaints felt by respondents; organic farmer groups have the potential to incur health costs of Rp. 30,333.33, while the conventional group is higher, with a cost of Rp. 103.303.57 (US$ 7.38). Organic farming has a better impact because it uses natural ingredients and is not bad for health. The potential losses arising from health cases also show a high and significant number (p <0.001).
The availability of infrastructure and the use of its in public have become the norm around the world since the outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to determine the relationship between the availability of infrastructure and behavior of preventing Covid-19. Quantitative research with descriptive correlation design using a cross sectional approach. The independent variable in this study is the availability of infrastructure with the dependent variable being the Covid-19 prevention behavior. Data collection was carried out directly through the online method using Kobotoolbox. The sample in this study were residents of the community around the student's residence who were able to read and write and were willing to become respondents with a total of 2,700 respondents. The data obtained were tested for normality first by looking at the significance value on the results of the Kolmogorof Smirnov data normality test. Furthermore, the bivariate test was carried out using the Spearman Rank test. Bivariate test using Spearman's Rank Test between the variables of access to infrastructure and prevention behavior obtained the results of 0.272 with a p value of 0.000 (p value <0.05), with a correlation coefficient that is significant. very strong/perfect. There is a relationship between the availability of infrastructure and Covid-19 prevention behavior. The public must always pay attention to health protocols as an effort to prevent Covid-19.
Agriculture can also be a source of environmental damage if poorly managed. The use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, changes in ecosystems and so on, are some examples of the damages to the environment due to excessive use of chemicals in agriculture. Conventional agriculture is considered easier, but the use of synthetic chemicals in conventional agricultural activities can disrupt biodiversity, soil fertility, ecosystems, and health. This study aims to calculate the economic assessment of organic horticultural agriculture by comparing the phenomenon of two types of horticultural agriculture. The survey was conducted by using random sampling to 70 respondents. The results show that the ratio of the benefits of horticultural organic farming is higher (3.06) compared to the benefits of conventional agricultural cultivation (1.73) with a significant difference. This is due to lower costs for fertilizers and organic plant protection, and also lower selling prices, even though the productivity of organic land is lower, but not significant. It is strongly recommended that conventional farmers move their farming methods to organic, because it will be more beneficial in terms of environmental sustainability as well as of the health of farmers, because it minimizes synthetic chemicals that are less safe for the environment and health, especially with excessive uses. The role of the government is highly expected, because without government support through either policy or assistance, farmers cannot optimally farm organically.
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