Even though the Buddhist people with diabetes had certain self-management capabilities, many had poor control of their blood sugar levels and needed assistance. Reference to Buddhist moderation can be an effective means of helping the people with diabetes better manage their disease and change their lifestyles. In addition to cultural and religious traditions, family, economy and social environment should be taken into account both in the care and in interventions aimed at helping people with diabetes cope and empowering them to control their disease.

Reference to religion and spiritual practice can be an effective means of helping diabetes patients better manage their disease and change their lifestyles. Furthermore, family and economic and social environments should be taken into account both in care and in interventions aimed at helping patients cope and empowering them to control their disease.

lundberg pc & thrakul s (2011) Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 3, 52–60
Diabetes type 2 self‐management among Thai Muslim women Aim.  To explore and describe Thai Muslim women’s self‐management of diabetes type 2. Background.  The importance of diabetes self‐management is well recognised. However, research on diabetes self‐management in Thailand is limited, and no such research related to Muslim patients with diabetes type 2 has been found. Methods.  An explorative qualitative study using ethnography was conducted. The ethnographic method was based on qualitative interview and participant observation carried out in 2008. Orem’s self‐care deficit nursing theory provided the theoretical framework. Purposive convenience sampling was used, and twenty‐nine women aged 40–80 years participated. Results.  Four themes of self‐management among Thai Muslim women with diabetes type 2 emerged, viz., daily life practices (dietary management, exercise, use of medicine, see doctor to follow‐up, self‐monitoring of blood sugar and use of herbal remedies), impact of the illness (feeling psychological burden of diabetes and struggling to control the disease), everyday life as before (maintaining religious practices and learning to live with the disease) and family support. Conclusion.  The Thai Muslim women suffered from a partial self‐care deficit. The results underline the importance of taking religious traditions into account in the care, offering health education that helps patients cope with their disease, involving family members who can reinforce information given to patients, and increasing self‐management power and capability of patients. Relevance to clinical practice.  When caring for Thai Muslim women with diabetes type 2, health care professionals should stimulate their patients to adopt a powerful strategy for modifying their daily life behaviour, and they should be aware of the existence of certain problematic behaviour of their patients. It is also important that they understand the roles of cultural background, religious tradition and family as parts of the basis for educational strategies aimed at helping patients successfully integrate disease management into their lives.