Management of cervical fibroid which is one of the rare sites of uterine fibroid comes with challenges to gynaecologists especially in young nulliparous women where uterine conserving surgery is to be instituted. Cervical fibroid locations can be in the supravaginal or vaginal aspect of the cervix. It can also present as pedunculated fibroid or sessile fibroid from the cervical lip. The commonest presentations of cervical fibroid are pelvic pressure symptoms and menstrual irregularities. This is a case of a 24 year old nulliparous woman with recurrent pelvic pressure symptoms, heavy menstrual flow and vaginal discharge with diagnosis of cervical fibroid and vaginal fibroid polyp and was managed by uterine conserving surgery.

Background: Breastfeeding is essential for a child’s growth and existence. World Health Organization (WHO) recommended six months exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for infant death reduction. However, poor knowledge and negative attitude towards EBF result in a decline in breastfeeding practice which is common in various underdeveloped nations including Nigeria. Objective: To compare the impact of knowledge of breastfeeding practices and attitude towards EBF on the prevalence of EBF among nursing mothers attending immunization clinics in rural and urban regions in Rivers State. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional research with 252 breastfeeding women who attended immunization clinics at the designated health facilities in Obio-Akpor and Emohua LGAs were recruited by systematic sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied for the data collection on socio-demographic factors, knowledge, attitude and breastfeeding practices. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS version 3.2.2. Results: The overall knowledge of various breastfeeding practices and overall attitude toward EBF among the urban and rural participants were statistically significant (P-values= 0.003 & 0.044) respectively. The prevalence of EBF among breastfeeding mothers in urban and rural regions were (66.7 & 54.0%) respectively (P-value= 0.039). Conclusion: The knowledge of breastfeeding practices and overall positive attitude towards EBF and EBF practices are higher in urban than the rural regions of Rivers State. Recommendations: Breastfeeding practices should be considered as an important aspect of antenatal and postnatal health education. Advocacy on the importance of breastfeeding should be stepped up, especially in rural communities. KEYWORDS: Breastfeeding, Exclusive breastfeeding, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Prevalence, Urban, Rural, Rivers State.

Background: Short inter-pregnancy interval (SIPI) has been linked with low maternal haematological indices and adverse fetal outcome. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a minimum of 24 months inter-pregnancy interval to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. However, sub-optimal pregnancy spacing is common in many developing countries including Nigeria. Objectives: To determine the impact of inter-pregnancy interval on maternal serum ferritin, haematocrit level and fetal outcome among parturient in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Study Design: A prospective cohort study of parturient less than 20weeks gestation. Those who did not satisfy the WHO recommended inter-pregnancy interval of at least 24months were categorized as group II while gestational age and social status matched parturient who satisfied the WHO recommendation were in group I. Methodology: A total of 316 parturient who satisfied the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study by systematic sampling. These were equal number of 158 participants each as subject and control. Subject and control were matched for gestational age and social status. The serum ferritin and haematocrit levels as well as fetal outcome were evaluated for each participant. The results were analysed using SPSS version 20.0 with appropriate tables and figures generated. Results: There was statistically significance difference in the mean levels of serum ferritin (P<0.001) and haematocrit (P<0.001) at booking for the two groups of participants. There was statistically significant difference in the gestational age at delivery (P<0.001) with higher rate of preterm delivery (22.1% vs. 1.9%; P<0.001) in group II compared to group I. In addition, there were higher percentages of group II babies with 1st (32.5% vs. 9.6%; P<0.001) and 5th minute (18.2% vs. 1.9%; P<0.001) APGAR scores < 7 compared to group I babies (P<0.001). The mean birth weight was lower in group II (2.70±0.35 vs. 3.10±0.31; P<0.001) with higher need for neonatal resuscitation (16.9% vs. 2.6%; P<0.001) and intensive care admission (18.2% vs. 1.3%; P<0.001) among neonates of women in group II. Neonatal anaemia (15.4% vs. 0.0%; P<0.001) occurred only in group II participants’ babies. Neonatal mortality was zero for group I and 18(11.7%) for group II babies. Conclusion: Inter-pregnancy interval below the WHO recommendation is associated with low maternal serum ferritin and haematocrit levels as well as adverse fetal outcome. Recommendations: Adequate child spacing should be emphasized during antenatal visits, postpartum counselling, postnatal clinic visits as well as other contacts with non-pregnant women of reproductive age.