Background: Thyroid disorders represent an important public health problem worldwide. Excess thyroid hormone in the circulation due to any cause is termed as thyrotoxicosis. There are many causes of thyrotoxicosis, and it is important to find the cause as this will determine the management of the condition. 99mTcO4scintigraphy is diagnostic tool to differentiate various causes of thyrotoxicosis. This study aims to study the age and gender distribution of different causes of thyrotoxicosis. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of technetium pertechnetate(99mTcO4) thyroid scintigraphy reports done of patients having thyrotoxicosis from the period of January 01, 2016, to December 31, 2016, at the Nuclear Medicine unit of National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu. Gender and age group analysis of the data was done using SPSS program. Results: A total of 211 reports of 99m TcO 4 thyroid scintigraphy were included in the study. There were 61 male patients and 150 female patients. Various causes of thyrotoxicosis like thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, autonomous functioning thyroid nodule, toxic multinodular goiter was detected. Apart from toxic multinodular goiter, these disorders were more common in the age group 18-50 years and females. Conclusion: 99mTcO4 thyroid scintigraphy is one of the easy and highly effective tools for the differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. Both thyroiditis and Graves’ disease are more predominant in the age group 18-50 years and in females. Further large community-based studies will be required for exact prevalence of the diseases in the population.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is still occurring in one third of the patient undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia even after following the guidelines and using multi modal approach for its prevention. Lots of studies have been done for its prevention but very few studies are done for its treatment in Post anaesthetic care unit after the failure of prophylaxis. The purpose of this article is to know about the risk factor, incidence of nausea and vomiting after surgery, its mechanism, available medication (pharmacological and nonpharmacological), reducing risk factor, and mainly to know about the method of using the antiemetic medication in PACU after the failure of the prophylactic medication.