Rhino-Orbital cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM) an angioinvasive fungal infection commonly seen in diabetic and immunocompromised patients. In recent days, due to COVID 19 pandemic mucormycosis has been significantly increased (Smith et al. in Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2(5):e200280, 2020). In this study we evaluate the involvement, clinical features, contributing risk factors and outcome of post covid Rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on post covid rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis patients from May 2021 to October 2021 in Otorhinolaryngology department of Stanley Medical college Chennai. We collected detailed history of Covid-19 hospital stay, treatment taken, co morbidities, Endoscopic findings, management and outcome. 243 cases analysed with median age 51 years (range 28-75 years) and male predominance with M:F ratio 1.6. The median time interval between covid and ROCM was 20 (15-35) days. Based on involvement 111 (46%) Stage-II, 87 (36%) Stage-I, 37 (15%) stage III and 8 (3%) stage IV disease observed. with overall mortality of 5.7%. Among which 230 (94.6%) patients had diabetes mellitus, 111 (45.8%) patients received steroid and 134 (54.3%) had immunomodulators during covid management. Despite of surgical debridement and antifungal therapy 14 (5.8%) patients died from mucormycosis. we conclude that covid be the predisposing factor for mucormycosis especially in patients with diabetes and increased usage of steroids. Treatment needs multimodality approach with antifungals and surgical debridement with surveillance fir good outcome.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic otitis media (COM) is common disease prevalent in India. Patients coming to OPD who were clinically diagnosed as chronic otitis media (COM) were evaluated using High resolution computerised tomography (HRCT) temporal bone. HRCT temporal bone is highly useful in knowing the disease involving middle ear cleft and adjacent structures. Previous studies have indicated the importance of HRCT temporal bone in mapping anatomy and middle ear disease status in COM patients. The aim of the study was to assess radiological findings of chronic otitis media in both types, and to choose management plan based on the involvement of structures.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study was done in 100 COM patients with both mucosal and squamosal disease, using HRCT temporal bone scan and features analyzed.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 100 COM patients, 75 had mucosal disease, 25 had squamosal disease. In our study the most common age group was between 16 to 25 years (26%) and 46 to 55 years (24%).  The male: female ratio was 2:3.  In 100 clinically diagnosed COM participants, 10% of them were found to be radiologically negative. In 90% radiologically positive participants, findings showed radiolucent shadow in the mastoid and  middle ear cavity(67%), ossicular involvement(35%) and adjacent structures like epitympanum (22%), hypotympanum (2%), tegmen tympani (3%), Prussak’s space (20%), scutum involvement (18%), sinus tympani (3%), were noted by HRCT.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> HRCT temporal bone is a highly reliable diagnostic tool used for preoperative assessment of all COM patients planned for surgery.</p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid hormones are important for overall growth and maturation. They play a significant role in the development of cochlea. Hearing loss is commonly seen in thyroid disorders. This study attempts at understanding the association between thyroid disorders and sensorineural hearing loss.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 106 subjects with thyroid disorders were evaluated for hearing loss. They were classified according to their thyroid status and pure tone audiometry was done. The cases were compared with age and sex matched controls.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> SNHL was the common type of hearing loss seen. The prevalence of SNHL found to be 32.1% in cases. SNHL is bilateral and commonly high frequency type in the early stage of the disease. The severity and prevalence of hearing loss is more with longer duration of the disease state. 29.4% of the cases showed improvement in hearing with therapy for three months.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In patients with thyroid disorders, hearing evaluation helps in the detection of hearing loss earlier and thus treatment could be started.</p>