Cancer is one the leading causes of death in developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries. Awareness and knowledge of the danger of cancer and the need for cancer screening and early detection can reduce the risk of cancer-related deaths. This study examines the level of awareness and knowledge of cancer, cancer risk factors and the need for cancer screening among the general public in the states of Kedah and Perlis. This study also examines the relationship between residential location and education level and the awareness and knowledge of cancer. Findings from 544 respondents from urban, suburban and rural areas in Kedah and Perlis showed that even though a high percentage of the respondents know about cancer, their level of awareness for the need for cancer screening is still low. Education, access to healthcare facilities and socio-cultural factors still influenced the likelihood of the people to go for cancer screening and get cancer treatment. Therefore, health information and communication and cancer screening awareness campaign should be intensified to reach the public especially to the rural population. These efforts and initiatives can increase public access to information about cancer, and cancer screening and treatment facilities among the rural population, and especially those belonging to high-risk groups.
Abstract-House garden symbolized people's place, identity and sense of belonging. These subjective elements of house gardens is less realized by the gardeners themselves, however, they are evidently important in influencing peoples' behavior in everyday life. This paper will discuss house gardens as symbol of place, identity and sense of belonging for residents in low-income housing area of urban Penang, Malaysia. Multiple methods were used in the collection of data, which include questionnaire survey on 61 low-cost flat residents, in-depth interviews with 15 selected residents and general observation on the gardens owned by the respondents. Two third of the low-cost flats' residents have shown enthusiasm to gardening, in which, they have converted public spaces into private gardens. Interviews revealed that house gardens proved their attachment to place, place identity and sense of belonging. IndexTerms-House gardens, low-income urban communities, place identity, sense of belonging, Topophilia.
The importance of social capital in both rural and urban communities is an oftenpublished topic. By representing the operation of social capital networks, this paper explores the persistence of informal rotating credit in the livelihoods of low-income, urban households in Penang, Malaysia. It highlights the function of such credit and the ways in which it benefits poor women and their households. This paper suggests that informal credit reduces the probability of being poor, and the returns to household investment in social capital are higher for the poor than for the population at large. The downside of such social capital is also discussed. The paper concludes that informal credit is enhanced in the urban settings due to the increase in income opportunities, especially for women.
Poverty among the elderly is always a significant concern due to changes in demographic patterns. It's because there is an increasing number of elderly, moreover, about the disability and limited ability of employment in themselves. This situation has an economic and social impact not only on individuals but also family members and the government involved. Therefore this article aims to study the issue of poverty among the elderly. Besides, the study will identify the financial resources obtained in the help of their daily lives. The study has selected a total of 327 older people aged 60 years and above. The study used a quantitative approach using a questionnaire to obtain feedback from respondents on their financial resources and income of respondents. The results of the study found that the majority of respondents answered 50.5% of the primary source of children as the main economic source in addition to other economic resources. Nevertheless, although there are results shown by the respondents, there are various sources as financial resources, but still exist among them. Therefore, it's hoped that the authorities or non-governmental organizations can help the elderly who face the problem of poverty always provide social assistance, especially related to the social security system through medical aspects exempt free hospital medical services, distribution of first-class medical cards or even provide initiatives through the enhancement of additional income programs explicitly implemented for the needy elderly.
Abstract-Male-to-female transsexual issues, especially their sexual orientation, has become complicated due to their tendency to regard themselves as women, and are exclusively attracted to men. This paper explores one group in male-to-female transsexuals, which is homosexual transsexuals, and their attraction towards homosexual and heterosexual men. The objective of this paper is to identify aspects of sexual attraction in the body or nature of the men that attract homosexual transsexuals to develop romantic relationship with them. Qualitative methods were used in gathering the data. This includes in-depth interviews that have been carried out on six homosexual transsexuals, which were selected using purposive and snowball sampling. The location of the fieldwork was Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The result shows that facial appearance, specific body parts such as chest, calves and buttocks, and specific social behaviors, especially caring and affectionate, have been regarded as men's sex symbols.
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