CuO nanoparticles have been studied for C-N, C-O, and C-S bond formations via cross-coupling reactions of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles with aryl halides. Amides, amines, imidazoles, phenols, alcohols and thiols undergo reactions with aryl iodides in the presence of a base such as KOH, Cs(2)CO(3), and K(2)CO(3) at moderate temperature. The procedure is simple, general, ligand-free, and efficient to afford the cross-coupled products in high yield.

CuO nanoparticles catalyze the C-N cross coupling of amines with iodobenzene in excellent yields. The reaction is simple and efficient and operates under air with ligand free conditions. The catalyst is recyclable without loss of activity.

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CuI efficiently catalyzes the C–S cross coupling of thiols with aryl halides in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide in water. The reactions with aryl thiols that have electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating substituents are comparable and afford C–S cross‐coupling products in high yield. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)

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