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OBJECTIVE -To evaluate the effect of supervised progressive resistance-exercise training (PRT) protocol on insulin sensitivity, glycemia (blood glucose and A1C levels), lipids, and body composition in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes underwent 12 weeks of PRT of six muscle groups (two sets, 10 repetitions each). The subjects were evaluated with detailed anthropometry and with measurements of the disappearance of glucose per unit time (K) during the short insulin tolerance test (K ITT ) for assessment of insulin sensitivity; of fasting blood glucose, A1C, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP); of total body fat, regional fat, and lean body mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; and of cross-sectional skeletal muscle area of upper arm and thigh by computed tomography scan.RESULTS -Insulin sensitivity improved significantly from mean Ϯ SD K ITT 1.22 Ϯ 0.73 to 2.13 Ϯ 0.75 (P Ͻ 0.0001) after the intervention. Significant decline (mean difference Ϯ SD) from baseline was recorded in levels of the following parameters: A1C (0.54 Ϯ 0.4%, P Ͻ 0.001), fasting blood glucose (2.7 Ϯ 2.2 mmol/l, P Ͻ 0.001), total cholesterol (0.39 Ϯ 0.7 mmol/l, P ϭ 0.003), serum triglycerides (0.39 Ϯ 0.5 mmol/l, P Ͻ 0.001), and truncal and peripheral subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments (SCAT) (P Ͻ 0.001). However, no significant changes were noticed in BMI or levels of total body fat, truncal fat, lean body mass, cross-sectional skeletal muscle area of the extremities, or hsCRP levels.CONCLUSIONS -Moderate-intensity PRT for 3 months resulted in significant improvement in insulin sensitivity, glycemia, lipids, and truncal and peripheral SCAT in patients with type 2 diabetes. Resistance training should be an integral part of exercise regimen in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes.

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of abdominal obesity including intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adiposity along with other cardiometabolic risk factors in urban Asian Indians living in New Delhi.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological descriptive study with 459 subjects (217 males and 242 females), representing all socio-economic strata in New Delhi. The anthropometric profile [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and skinfold thickness], fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile were recorded. Percent body fat (%BF), total abdominal fat (TAF), intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAT) were quantified using predictive equations for Asian Indians.ResultsThe overall prevalence of obesity was high [by BMI (>25 kg/m2), 50.1%]. The prevalence of abdominal obesity (as assessed by WC) was 68.9%, while that assessed by TAF was 70.8%. Increased IAAT was significantly higher in females (80.6%) as compared to males (56.7%) (p = 0.00) with overall prevalence being 69.3%. The overall prevalence of high SCAT was 67.8%, more in males (69.1%) vs. females (66.5%, p = 0.5). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and hypertension was 8.5%, 45.3% and 29.2%, respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and low levels of HDL-c were prevalent in 42.7%, 26.6% and 37% of the subjects, respectively. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher in males (p = 0.007); however, low levels of HDL-c were more prevalent in females as compared to males (p = 0.00).ConclusionHigh prevalence of generalized obesity, abdominal obesity (by measurement of WC, TAF, IAAT and SCAT) and dysmetabolic state in urban Asian Indians in north India need immediate public health intervention.