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Alum (KAl(SO 4 ) 2 ×12H 2 O) performs as a novel catalyst for the synthesis of anthraquinone derivatives from phthalic anhydride and substituted benzenes in good to excellent yields (70Á96%) using water as a solvent at ambient temperature. Several solvents were examined for this reaction; however, in terms of reaction yield and time, water was found to be the optimum solvent. The remarkable advantages offered by this method are an inexpensive and easily available catalyst, a simple procedure, mild conditions, and much faster (60Á120 min) reactions.