Obesity is a chronic, low degree systemic inflammatory status. Microarray examination shows a disturbance in the expression of cytokine, chemokine, complementary protein and half of the other acute phase components in obese patients. Adiponectin is the hormone that increases insulin sensitivity, while its level decreases under condition of fatty tissue enlargement that occurs in obesity. Excessive weight causes the adipocyte cells and adipose tissues produce various types of mediators. The inflammatory process is the main cause of metabolic diseases, and the main role of adipose tissue in the inflammatory process is determined by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory mediators. Adiponectin has an important anti-inflammatory effect on obesity. Adiponectin has an important anti-inflammatory effect on obesity. Adiponectin works on macrophage and monocyte to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine and increase the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonists. Adiponectin reduces induction of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 endothelial adhesion by TNF-α or resistin. In obese patients, it is characterized by resistance to adiponectin alongside a decrease and the possibility of adiponectin loss in the receptor population in liver and muscles, leading to low adiponectin level.Keywords: adiponectin, obesity, inflammation

Backgrdound: Several previous researchers have prepared chicken eggshell flour using hydrochloric acid (HCl) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) solvents. However, the results of the physicochemical characteristics still very diverse. This study aims to produce chicken eggshell flour using two different types of solvents (4% HCl and CH3COOH 2N) and determine the proper solvent to obtain better physicochemical characteristics. Method: This type of research was descriptive quantitative. The research stages initiated by preparing chicken eggshell samples by maceration using 4% HCl and CH3COOH 2N. Afterward, chemical characteristics (moisture content, ash, calcium carbonate, calcium, and phosphorus) and physical characteristics (yield) of eggshell flour were determined. Processing and data conducted by using the IBM SPSS statistic program Result: The higher levels of calcium, calcium carbonate, phosphorus, ash, yield, and lower water content of the eggshell powder were generated by extraction using 4% HCl than 2N acetic acid (CH3COOH). Conclusion: The physicochemical characteristics of the eggshell powder extracted from the 4% HCl were better than the 2N acetic acid (CH3COOH)

Background Preeclampsia is the major problem and the main leading cause of fetal and maternal mortality worldwide. The early prediction of preeclampsia in pregnant women is required to prevent the occurrence of preeclampsia. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and roll-over test (ROT) are the combination of measurement which can be used to predict preeclampsia. On the contrary, Ajwa dates were reported to have an enormous activity which contributes to its role in improving health conditions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of daily consumption of seven Ajwa dates on prevention of preeclampsia, through MAP and ROT changes. Methods Forty pregnant women (n = 40) were randomly assigned into the control group (n = 10) and the intervention group which received a daily intake of Ajwa dates (n = 30). The MAP and ROT were assessed before and after the 8-week intervention period. Results The intervention group showed the significant reduction in MAP and ROT following the 8-week intervention period (p < 0.05). Conclusion Daily consumption of seven Ajwa dates has a remarkable potential to decrease the MAP and ROT in pregnant women at risk of developing preeclampsia, and thus, it can contribute to prevent the development of preeclampsia.

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