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Treatment of secretory human endometrium with oestrogens, both in vivo and in vitro, results in a disruption of the nucleolar channel system, an organelle typically found in the epithelial cell of normal human endometrium during the postovulatory phase. The most striking effect is the loss of dense particles in immediate proximity to the channels, and the disappearance of particulate masses normally found in the nucleoplasm surrounding the channel system. Other fine structural elements, such as giant mitochondria and glycogen, are unaffected except that less glycogen migrates to the apex of the cells.