Aim: Hypochromic microcytic anemia included iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) and thalassemia is a worldwide problem with easy treatment and important unwanted symptoms that widely prevalent in Iran.Methods: Present study was undertaken to find prevalence of hypochromic microcytic anemia in Tabriz, Iran. Citizen of Tabriz were taken up for study after they gave a written consent. Subjects were given a questionnaire to elicit anemia related symptoms. Blood counts were done by electronic counter and serum ferritin was assayed by Elisa ,MCV(Mean Cell Volume),MCH (Mean Cell Hb), hemoglobin electrophoresis and TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) were done .Results: Prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency anemia and minor thalasemia in women was 9.7%, 7%, 1%, respectively, and in men was 9.7%, 2%, 5%.Conclusion: There was not any significant association between MCV and sex. IDA was more common in women and minor thalasemia was more common in men