Sauropus androgynus is traditionally consumed by Indonesians and is believed to increase breast milk production during lactation. Lactation, a process of milk synthesis and secretion, occurs with the help of 2 hormones, prolactin and oxytocin. The expressions of genes encoding prolactin and oxytocin were analyzed in lactating BALB/C mice brains using qRT-PCR. A total of 24 lactating BALB/C mice were fed with experimental diets for 12 days. Two groups of lactating mice were fed with diets containing either young or mature S. androgynus leaf extracts. For the control, one group of lactating mice was fed a diet without S. androgynus leaf extracts. Supplementation of young S. androgynus leaf extracts increased the expression of prolactin and oxytocin genes in lactating mice 9.04- and 2.25-fold, respectively. Meanwhile, supplementation of mature S. androgynus leaf extracts increased the expressions of both genes 15.75- and 25.77-fold, respectively, compared to the control group. The result suggested that mature S. androgynus leaf extracts significantly increased the expressions of both genes in lactating BALB/C mice and was predicted to correlate with papaverine content, which is only detected in mature S. androgynus leaves at a concentration of 0.38 ± 0.04 µg·ml^–1.

Tempeh is a traditional fermented soybean product from Indonesia. Although tempeh is consumed as daily menu in Indonesia, its nutrigenomic study employing human has not been reported yet. On the other hand, our study in mice showed that tempeh could enhance immune system, especially by increasing secretory immunoglobulin A production in ileum and colon. Tempeh was also found to be potential in modulating composition of gut microbiota. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the impact of tempeh supplementation on the profiles of human intestinal immune system and gut microbiota analysis. A total of 16 participants, comprising of each 8 healthy females and males, aged between 20 and 23 were recruited to this study. The volunteers consumed 200 mL milk from day 1-8 followed by consumption of 100 grams steamed tempeh each day from day 9-24. Fecal samples taken on day 9 and 25, were analyzed with half sandwich ELISA for IgA enumeration. In addition, fecal samples collected on day 0, 9, and 25, were analyzed for total Akkermansia muciniphila employing quantitative real time PCR. The result of this study suggested that tempeh supplementation might act as paraprobiotic and slimming agents since tempeh enhanced production of IgA and increased population of A. muciniphila in human intestinal tracts.Key words: Akkermansia muciniphila, ELISA, IgA, RT-PCR, tempeh Tempe merupakan produk fermentasi kedelai asal Indonesia. Meskipun tempe dikonsumsi sebagai menu sehari-hari di Indonesia, studi nutrigenomik tempe dengan subjek penelitian manusia belum pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Studi nutrigenomik tempe dengan tikus sebagai hewan model menunjukkan bahwa tempe dapat meningkatkan sistem imun, yaitu dengan meningkatkan produksi immunoglobulin A sekretori di usus halus dan usus besar. Tempe juga memiliki potensi dalam memodulasi komposisi mikrobiota usus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisa efek suplementasi tempe terhadap sistem imun usus manusia dan menganalisa perubahan komposisi mikrobiota usus. Sebanyak 16 responden, yang terdiri dari 8 wanita dan 8 pria sehat, berumur 20-23 tahun berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Responden mengkonsumsi 200 mL susu dari hari ke 1-8, dan 100 gram tempe dari hari ke 9-24 setiap harinya. Sampel feses diambil pada hari ke 9 dan ke 25 untuk perhitungan IgA dengan ELISA, sedangkan sempel feses yang diambil pada hari ke 0, 9, dan 25 dianalisis untuk perhitungan Akkermansia muciniphila dengan quantitative real time PCR. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi tempe dapat berperan sebagai agen paraprobiotik dan penurun berat badan karena tempe mampu meningkatkan produksi IgA dan meningkatkan jumlah A. muciniphila dalam saluran pencernaan manusia.

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