Research on activated sludge models is mainly directed towards the reliability and estimation of model coefficients. Model calculations however, rely heavily on accurate determination of operational conditions. Accurate measurement of operational conditions and mass flows is difficult, caused by large (full-scale) process flows and the absence of reliable measurements. Therefore operational data should be verified on (gross) errors before being implemented in model studies. Calibrating a model on erroneous mass flows leads to laborious calibration procedures and moreover, unjustified adaptation of the model (kinetic and stoichiometric) parameters. Gross error detection is possible when there are more measurements than strictly required to solve a system of linear conservation relations (mass balances). A simple method for error detection is evaluating the mass balance residuals. For over determined systems data accuracy can be improved using balancing methods (i.e. minimising balance residuals). This is referred to as data reconciliation. A reconciled data set contains fewer errors and is exactly in line with the mass balances of the system. In this paper we describe a method for gross error detection and data reconciliation. It is shown how data reconciliation improves the accuracy of the data set and how the use of a balanced data set simplifies the model calibration procedure. This is demonstrated on the basis of a modelling study of a full-scale WWTP.

The discharge of liquid waste from rubber industry poses a significant threat to human beings and environment; therefore, it ought to be addressed. Meanwhile, activated sludge technologies are usually used in Indonesia by this industry to handle liquid waste and tackle discharge issues. The combined adsorbents and hybrid membrane UF/RO were proposed in this study to decrease contaminants parameter of rubber industry wastewater (RIW). Furthermore, to achieve this goal three steps of treatments were applied in the current experiment. The first step is filtration using sand filter columns containing silica sand and activated carbon. In addition, the second stage is categorized by adsorption using three types of adsorbents, namely calcium carbide residue (CCR), coal fly ash (CFA) and bentonite. The third stage is separation process using adsorbents and UF/RO. This investigation was conducted using three types of adsorbents arranged in series configuration followed by UF/RO.Results showed that combined adsorbent (CCR-CFA-bentonite) followed by UF/RO membranes increases the acidity of RIW from 4.70 to 7.28 with removal efficiency of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solid (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (AN), and total nitrogen (TN) at 99.0, 88.1, 92.5, 89.5, and 67.5%, respectively.The currently proposed method is advantageous because it does not require a long processing time or an intensive treatment area. This is applicable in rubber industries wastewater treatment process and is therefore an alternative method to active sludge technologies. In addition, final permeate RO are potentially used as clean water for rubber factory needs.

Keterampilan komunikasi yang baik di antara lulusan sangat penting untuk masa depan dan pengembangan karir siswa dan keterampilan komunikasi sangat penting sebagai keterampilan non-teknis, keterampilan abstrak tetapi sangat menuntut dalam industry. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi publikasi terkait dengan Communication skills di pendidikan tinggi dan mendeskripsilan karakteristik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis bibluometrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah publikasi terkait communication skills dalam Pendidikan tinggi meningkat setiap tahunnya dari tahun 2019 hingga tahun 2021. Negara amerika menjadi yang paling berpengaruh terhadap bidang ini, Adapun jumlah dokumen terbanyak yaitu pada lembaga atau universitas “Nagasaki University”, pada jurnal “Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science”, pada artikel (Baird & Parayitam, 2019). Fokus penelitian terbgai menjadi empat bagian yaitu, 1) communication skill, higher education dan university; 2) development, training dan teknologi; 3) motivation dan perceptions; 4) experience dan problem. Keyword yang menjadi tema baru adalah competence, covid, creation, interaction, game, motivation dan achievement.

The objective of study is to analyze to determine the effect of earnings, receivables, and cash flow on the prediction of future cash flows. The financial statements are considered as a measurement that is considered very important in seeing the company's achievements. Financial statements are seen as a tool that is able to reduce uncertainty in making economic decisions for users, one way to reduce uncertainty is to conduct an analysis of the financial statements. The population in this study are all consumption sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2014-2018 period. The reason for choosing a manufacturing sector manufacturing company is homogeneity considerations in the main income earning activities. In addition, manufacturing companies in the consumption sector are more stable compared to other companies on the IDX. Based on the results of data analysis and discussions that have been carried out (1) Income has a significant effect on the prediction of future cash flows, (2) Significant receivables from future cash flow predictions and (3) Cash flows from operating activities do not significantly affect the prediction of future cash flows.