The role of nutrition intervention in surgical settings is constantly developing and evolving. Immunonutrition represents a viable option to reduce perioperative and postoperative complications in surgical oncology. However, as far as we know, little research has been conducted in the orthopedic field. With this review, we aim to summarize the state of the art in the application of immune-enhanced compounds to surgical, orthopedic, and traumatic patients. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were adopted. A comprehensive search was carried out using the PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. All the studies dealing with immunonutrition fed to traumatic and orthopedic patients were pooled, the data were extracted, and the studies were discussed. A total of eight studies were included: six focused on trauma surgery and two on elective orthopedic surgery. The epidemiological characteristics of participants and the assessment of results were reported. Data were analyzed using R software (2020; R Core Team). Based on the current available literature, a positive impact of immunonutrition in orthopedic and trauma surgical settings was registered. All studies analyzed showed the favorable impact of the immunonutrition diet on clinical outcomes. The full effect of this type of nutrition and its different applications in the orthopedic and traumatic fields should be critically investigated through more extensive randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the return to normal activities and sports after surgical management of peroneal tendon dislocation through different surgical techniques. Methods: This review included studies (retrospective case series, prospective cohort study) that analyzed different aspects: return to sport (RTS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), satisfaction, and redislocation episodes after surgical treatment. We performed a systematic review, analyzing 1699 articles. We researched our selected studies through PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. The last search was performed in December 2022. We used the MINORS score to perform a quality assessment of pooled data. In total, 20 studies were included. Results: The postoperative AOFAS score, VAS scale, and high satisfaction percentages all improve with surgical therapy. At long-term follow-up, the redislocation following surgical treatment is minimal. Compared to patients who only receive superior peroneal retinaculum (SPR) repair and other surgical procedures, patients with groove deepening and SPR repair have greater rates of returning to sports (bony and rerouting procedures). Conclusions: Peroneal tendon dislocation surgery offers good outcomes, a quick return to sport, and high patient satisfaction. Those who received both groove deepening and SPR repair as opposed to other surgical procedures have greater rates of returning to sports.

Dislocations or subluxations of the metatarsophalangeal joints are rare, and open reduction is necessary in special cases. In this case report, we present the case of a 30-year-old man who had chronic dislocation of the V metatarsophalangeal joint after a motorcycle accident. Stiffening of the joint capsule prevented closed reduction therefore the patient underwent surgery, after performing a Gauthier-type osteotomy the joint was stabilized by k-wire. The patient had an excellent recovery with no new dislocation episodes.