This is an author produced version of a paper published in Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination.Citation for the published paper:Lövgren, Niklas; Roxner, Rikard; Klemendz, Susanne; Larsson, Christel.(2017). Effect of production method on surface roughness, marginal and internal fit, and retention of cobalt-chromium single crowns. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine 3 different production methods with regard to surface roughness, marginal and internal fit, and the retention of cobalt-chromium alloy single crown copings. Material and methods.A master abutment of a premolar mandibular tooth preparation with 4-mm height and a 0.6-mm deep 120-degree chamfer finish line with a 12-degree angle of convergence was replicated in die stone and scanned. Thirty-six cobalt-chromium alloy copings were produced using 3 different production techniques. Twelve copings were produced by lasersintering (LS), 12 by milling (M), and 12 by milled wax/lost wax (MLW). The surface microstructure of 2 copings in each group was analyzed using interferometry. The remaining 10 copings in each group were used to evaluate marginal and internal fit by using an impression material replica method, and retention was evaluated by using a uniaxial tensile force pull-off test. The copings from each test group (MLW, M, and LS) were cemented with zinc phosphate cement onto resin abutments. Statistical analyses of differences in marginal and internal fit were performed using one-way ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney test. Differences in surface topography were analyzed with the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for nonparametric Conclusions. Laser-sintered Co-Cr crown copings showed increased surface roughness and better internal and marginal fit than copings produced by milling or the milled wax/lost wax technique. However, the crown pull-off tests did not reveal any significant differences. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSCobalt-chromium alloy copings produced by laser-sintering may reduce the risk of complications due to increased surface roughness and improved fit.