No abstract

These findings point to the potential benefit of micro-CT analyses for in vitro evaluation of root canal obturation systems and provide further information about sealer materials used in combination with a warm gutta-percha vertical compaction technique.

The position of the centre of resistance (CR) is an essential parameter regarding the planning of orthodontic tooth movements. In the present investigation, the combined CR of the upper four incisors was determined numerically using the finite-element (FE) method. Based on a commercially available three-dimensional data set of a maxilla, including all 16 teeth, as well as known and earlier determined material parameters, FE models of the upper incisors and their surrounding tooth-supporting structures were generated. In the FE system, the model of the anterior segment was loaded with torques of 10 Nmm each at the lateral incisors. The FE model indicated that the individual incisors moved independently, although they were blocked with a steel wire of dimension 0.46 x 0.65 mm(2). The individual CRs were located at 5 mm distal and 9 and 12 mm apical to the centre of the lateral brackets. Thus, the classical view of a combined CR for the anterior segment was disproved and the planning of orthodontic tooth movements of the upper incisors should no longer be based on that concept.

No abstract

These findings suggest that orthodontic and occlusal loading may contribute to periodontal destruction in periodontally-diseased patients through downregulation of matrix and osteogenic proteins but not via augmentation of periodontal inflammation.