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Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is emerging as one of the challenging research area because of the heavy dependency of human being into vehicles which tends to develop an intelligent transport system. VANET is treated as an extension of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) due to its behavior and its working mode. VANET is emerging as a new powerful tool to provide safety and security to the human beings during the time of traveling from one place to another. Routing is one of the challenging tasks for both MANET and VANET due to the frequent change in the topology. In this paper, we are evaluating the adaptability of existing MANET routing protocols for VANET. This paper analyze that what is the impact the vehicle density and speed on the packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load, average end-to-end delay, average throughput, average path length and average loss rate, which will help to design a new routing protocol or to have some improvement in the existing routing protocols.

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Wireless mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a selfconfiguring network which is composed of several movable mobile nodes. Black Hole attack is one of the DOS attacks in MANET, which can misbehave with network, increase in network traffic, packet loss, decreases throughput, send false reply to the nodes and dropped data packets. Therefore, to analysis all these effects, a contribution has been made with modification of AODV routing protocol as a bhAODV (Black Hole AODV). To show the effect of black hole attack in AODV, result analysis is done using the comparison of AODV and bhAODV. In this paper we also contribute in AODV to provide a solution for Black Hole attack (sbhAODV). Network Simulator (NS 2.35) is used to implement bhAODV and sbhAODV, simulation and result analysis.

Component-based systems are based on the idea of assembling lots of independent and pre-defined components based on discriminating designs. Component-based systems provide a better reuse of software components along with flexibility, scalability and better quality of services to fulfill the requirements of the end user. We can consider component-based software engineering successful only if it has the ability to select and integrate reliable components. In this paper we propose an innovative reliability model in terms of multiple execution paths and the usage percentage of each and every component.