No abstract

Molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma and its relation with clinicopathological features: A single centre initial experience. Background: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy in female in the world. They are a group of heterogenous diseases with diverse clinical, morphological and gene expression profile. Molecular subtyping of histological types of breast carcinomas based on the expression receptors estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), HER2 neu and Ki67 act as a surrogate marker for gene expression profiling. This helps in specific prognostic and predictive targeted therapy. Objective: Identification of various molecular subtypes and correlate with the clinicopathological parameters. Methods: This cross sectional study comprising of thirty four cases is conducted at Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal during a period of three years from August 2016 to July 2019. The histomorphological diagnosis and clinical parameters are correlated with immunohistochemical findings for ER, PR, Her2 Neu and Ki 67. Statistical analysis done by chi square test. Results: The commonest histological type is invasive carcinoma of no special type (88.2%). After molecular sub typing, Luminal B type (LUMB) is the most common type (38.2%). LUMA type found to be associated with smaller tumor size, grade 1-2 and seen mainly in 6rd and 7th decade of life. LUMB and Her-2 Neu enriched, triple negative type commonly associated with larger tumor size, grade 2-3 and seen in 4th to 6th decade of life. Conclusion: Some differences in clinicopathological profile of the molecular subtypes from other studies seen. A larger multicentric study with genetic analysis will help in understanding the disease pattern in our area helping in targeted and personalized treatment.

BACKGROUND Cutaneous metastasis from carcinoma are relatively uncommon being usually late events in the course of internal malignancies. This study highlights the role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosing metastatic skin nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of cytopathological records from Pathology Department, RIMS for five years (January 2010 to December 2014) was done and 36 cases with cutaneous metastases were encountered. RESULTS Of the 36 cases, there were 15 males and 21 females. The age range was 16 to 80 years with a mean age of 55.2 years. Known primary tumour was found in 32 cases (88.9%) and 4 (11.9%) cases were of unknown primary. The most common primary site of malignancy to metastasise was lungs in males and breast and ovary in females. Abdominal wall followed by chest wall were the most common sites of metastasis. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest histological type to metastasise. CONCLUSION Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a minimally invasive, safe, rapid and reliable method for the diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis. It also offers a clue to the underlying unsuspected malignancy or recurrence.

Introduction: Various measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in the state. Adherence to control measures by the population is influenced by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward COVID-19. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine KAP toward COVID-19 among the general public of Manipur. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the study participants. The demographics and KAP of the participants were investigated. Chi-square test and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of the total participants (n = 398), 240 (60.3%) were female. One hundred and seventeen (29.4%) participants have adequate knowledge regarding COVID-19. The number of participants who have adequate knowledge was significantly more among males, those residing in plain districts, those residing in rural areas, and among those who studied up to graduate and above. The study also showed that attitude toward practicing more hand hygiene during infectious disease outbreaks was significantly associated with residence, education, religion, and occupation. A significant association was also observed between the preventive practices and knowledge, gender, district, residence, and education. Conclusion: Nearly one-third of the participants have good knowledge and positive attitude. However, when coming to practice, a little more than one-tenth of the study participants practiced preventive behaviors all the time. Knowledge on COVID-19 and practice of preventive behaviors were significantly associated with gender, district, residence, education, and occupation. The results of this study can help to identify the specific target groups with low KAP with well-planned, tailored strategies.

BACKGROUNDPalpable breast lumps are a common occurrence in women all over the world. The prevalence of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions varies from region to region. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, minimally invasive, reliable and relatively simple diagnostic method. We wanted to study the frequencies of different lesions in FNAC of breast lump in our region and to observe cyto-histological correlation wherever possible. METHODSA two years prospective study was carried out in the department of pathology, RIMS, Imphal during the period January 2016 -December 2017. A total of 434 cases of breast lesions were encountered during this period. RESULTSOf the total 434 cases infectious/inflammatory lesions were 100 (23.1%), benign 268 (61.7%), malignant 40 (9.2%), suspicious for malignancy 02 (0.5%), unsatisfactory 18 (4.1%), and others 6 (1.4%). The most frequent infectious/inflammatory lesion was acute mastitis in 50 (11.5%) followed by sub-areolar abscess in 17 (3.9%) and fat necrosis in 17 (3.9%). Fibroadenoma in 142 (32.7%) cases was the most common benign breast lesion followed by benign proliferative breast lesion without atypia 14 (22.1%). Among the malignant, 39 (9%) cases were carcinoma and one case (0.2%) was lymphoma. Mean age of presentation was 32.82 years. Most commonly involved age group was 21-30 years and right breast was more commonly involved. Cytohistological correlation was done in 41 cases and 35 benign and 6 malignant cases diagnosed cytologically were confirmed by histology, though there were cases with variable diagnosis. So, in differenting benign from malignant lesions, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value was 100%. CONCLUSIONSFNAC is a reliable and rapid diagnostic tool in the workup of breast lesions. It also helps in differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions and plays an important role in management of the patient. KEYWORDSFNAC, Breast lump, Neoplastic HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Das KK, Khuraijam SD, Khuraijam S, et al. Cytological spectrum of female breast lesions in a tertiary centre: a two years study.