Ayam dapat berproduksi secara optimum bila faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal berada dalam batasan-batasan yang normal sesuai dengan kebutuhan hidupnya. Suhu lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor eksternal yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas ayam. Suhu panas pada suatu lingkungan pemeliharaan ayam telah menjadi salah satu perhatian utama karena dapat menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi akibat peningkatan kematian dan penurunan produktivitas. Kandang sistem tertutup atau closed house merupakan sistem kandang yang harus sanggup mengeluarkan kelebihan panas, kelebihan uap air, gas-gas yang berbahaya seperti CO, CO2 dan NH3. Alat ini terdiri dari beberapa perangkat keras dan lunak, diantaranya : Sensor Suhu DS18B20 sebagai pendeteksi suhu pada kandang ayam broiler, sensor kelembaban DHT11 sebagai pendeteksi kelembaban pada kandang ayam broiler, sensor far infra red MLX90640 sebagai pendeteksi suhu tubuh ayam, Wemos D1 mini sebagai mikrokontroler sekaligus komunikasi data melalui wifi ESP8266, Relay sebagai pemutus aliran listrik AC, lampu pijar sebagai pemanas kandang, blower/fan sebagai pendingin kandang, mist maker sebagai pelembab kandang dan arduino IDE sebagai software yang digunakan untuk memprogram. Alat ini melakukan monitoring dengan parameter suhu kandang, kelembaban kandang dan suhu tubuh ayam yang dikirim melalui wifi ke server peternak, namun jika suhu kandang <24°C maka pemanas yang akan secara otomatis menyala tapi jika suhu kandang >29°C maka blower/fan yang akan menyala secara otomatis dan jika kelembaban kandang <60% maka sirkulasi akan menyala secara otomatis tapi jika kelembaban kandang >70% maka mist maker yang akan menyala secara otomatis. Dengan dibuatnya alat ini, dapat memudahkan peternak untuk memonitoring suhu ayam, suhu kandang dan kelembaban kandang sehingga produktifitas ayam broiler stabil dan hasilproduksi ayam yang tepat waktu serta efektif.
Background: Usually morphological features and growth traits are used in breed characterization. The research was performed to reveal the phenotypic and growth traits of half sib local Pabna calves up to yearling stages and to reveal their association with selection regarding body size and morphological features. Methods: Data of phenotypic measures from both body and head parts and growth traits were collected from 18 and 22 half sib Pabna calves, respectively. The body weight of newborn calves and respective dams were recorded separately. Each calf was allowed to drink 10% of milk for individual’s body weight from respective dam twice per day at calf shed.Result: Linear increasing trend observed in all morphological features from birth to yearling stages for both body and head characteristics of Pabna calves in which heart girth (63.33±1.31 cm at birth and 91.83±2.18 cm at pre-weaning), wither height (84.17±0.60 cm at pre-weaning), carpal circumference (10.50±0.50 cm at birth), mouth circumference (21.33±0.33 cm at birth and 26.58 cm at pre-weaning) and head length (30.08±0.99 cm at pre-weaning) had significant differences (p less than 0.05) in male calves compare to female. The effect of calves’ birth weight deferred significantly (p less than 0.05) for body length, heart girth, abdominal circumference, wither height and tail length in the calves’ group having ≥20 kg of birth weight compare to less than 20 kg. Body weight of Pabna calves also showed linear fashion from birth (19.56±2.11 kg) to yearling stages (112.33±3.30 kg) including moderate correlation at first (53%) and twelfth (48%) month and weak at weaning (7%) stages. The sex and birth weight of calf had significant effects (p less than 0.05) up to pre-weaning stage of calf but its continuation was not followed up to yearling stages.
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