GLPS and twist measured by 2DSTE are predictors of LV preservation after surgery in severe MR. These parameters may also be used as prognostic predictors and optimal timing of operation in this patient population.

We present a case of concomitant left ventricle (LV) to right atrial shunt (Gerbode-like defect) and anterior mitral leaflet perforation in a 32-year-old male after aortic valve replacement for infective endocarditis of bicuspid aortic valve. This case emphasises that intra-operative transesophageal echocardiography is a sine qua non for valvular surgical procedures.

Plasma DD levels are increased in patients with IE who suffered from clinically significant systemic embolism. Further studies are needed to determine the predictive value of DD levels for clinically silent systemic embolism.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening emergency that is sometimes difficult to diagnose due to nonspecific symptomatology and laboratory findings. A 65 years old women who has past stable angina pectoris history was admitted to the our emergency department with severe acute dyspnea and chest pain. The ECG revealed negative T waves in leads V1 through V6 and initial troponin was 16.8 ng/ml and Ddimer 897μg/L. Since these both laboratory and echocardiographic findings and clinical presentation did not let us establish a definite diagnosis, we sent the patient to the catheterization laboratory in order to perform both coronary and pulmonary angiography. We detected severe stenosis of proximal-mid left anterior descending artery and partially occluded left main pulmonary artery by large thrombo-emboli at the catheterization laboratory and treated successfully.

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