SummaryIn this study, the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins (FUM) was investigated in a total of 257 samples of unprocessed cereals (maize, wheat and barley), sampled annually in Bosnia and Herzegovina throughout the 2013-2015 harvesting period. The levels of mycotoxins were determined using a validated ELISA method. The results showed maize to be the most contaminated cereal among the three, with DON detected in 85%, ZEA in 73% and FUM in 67% of samples, the mean concentrations of the toxins observed during the study period thereby being 984±957 μg/kg, 326±314 μg/kg, and 1,259±1,161 μg/kg, respectively. Twenty samples (7.8%) were proven inadmissible for consumption as foodstuffs (Commission Regulation 1881/2006), and 3 samples (1.2%) were proven inadmissible even as feedstuffs (Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC). Significantly higher (p < 0.05) mycotoxin levels determined in samples harvested in 2014 as compared to those harvested in 2013 and 2015 could be associated with heavy rainfall periods witnessed in 2014 that could favour the formation of moulds, and consequently also the increased production of Fusarium mycotoxins.

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SažetakCilj rada bio je da se ustanovi povezanost rezultata higijenskog skora proizvodnog procesa na farmi i parametara kvaliteta sirovog mlijeka (broj somatskih ćelija i ukupni broj mikroorganizama). Vrijednost higijenskog skora proizvodnog procesa na ukupno 25 ispitanih farmi podijeljenih u tri grupe (grupa A, n=5, velike farme; grupa B, n=10, manje farme, i grupa C, n=10, individualni proizvođači) ustanovljena je uz pomoć upitnika datog u radu, a vrijednosti broja somatskih ćelija i ukupnog broja mikroorganizama uz pomoć aparata Fossomatic TM Minor i Bactoscan TM TC50. Prosječne vrijednosti higijenskog skora bile su najviše na farmama grupe A (88.25±3.68 poena, ocjena vrlo dobar), a najniže na farmama grupe C (55.67±4.94 poena, ocjena ne zadovoljava). Broj somatskih ćelija bio je statistički značajno viši na farmama grupe C u odnosu na grupe A i B (505027±89990 naprema 167728±35780, p<0,05, i 236045±38712, p<0,01). Ukupan broj mikroorganizama u ispitanim uzorcima mlijeka bio je najviši na farmama grupe C (207786±74859), a najniži na farmama grupe B (90423±14828). Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na značajan uticaj redovnog sprovođenja higijenskih mjera u procesu proizvodnje na parametre higijenske ispravnosti, a time i kvalitet sirovog mlijeka.Ključne riječi: mlijeko, higijenski skor, kvalitet, somatske ćelije, mikroorganizmi

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