Uterine adenomyosis is associated with deep myometrial invasion in stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma; however, it did not affect the recurrence or mortality rates.

This study examined the role of the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in cervical cancer progression and the possible use of this enzyme for cervical cancer therapy. We analyzed IDO protein expression in 9 cervical cancer cell lines (SKG-I, -II, -IIIa, -IIIb, SiHa, CaSki, BOKU, HCS-2 and ME-180) stimulated with interferon-γ. IDO expression was observed in all cell lines except for SKG-IIIb. We transfected the human cervical cancer cell line CaSki that constitutively expresses IDO with a short hairpin RNA vector targeting IDO, and established an IDO-downregulated cell line to determine whether inhibition of IDO mediates cervical cancer progression. IDO downregulation suppressed tumor growth in vivo, without influencing cancer cell growth in vitro. Moreover, IDO downregulation enhanced the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to natural killer (NK) cells in vitro and promoted NK cell accumulation in the tumor stroma in vivo. These findings indicate that downregulation of IDO controls cervical cancer progression by activating NK cells, suggesting IDO as a potential therapy for cervical cancer.

This study showed that the number of removed lymph nodes ≥ 35 was an independent predictor for improved RFS for stage I ovarian CCC. Sufficient lymphadenectomy may improve prognosis for stage I ovarian CCC.

Although DCR decreased as the number of previous chemotherapy regimens increased, the toxicities did not increase. Gemcitabine may be relatively safe in heavily pretreated ovarian cancer patients.

To characterise congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), with special emphasis on polyhydramnios and the neonatal prognosis, we summarise 31 CMN patients (30 reported patients and the present patient). CMN was detected at a median of 30 weeks' gestation, and infants were delivered at a median of 34 weeks' gestation. Of 27 patients with available data, 19 (70%) had polyhydramnios, of which 8 required amnio- drainage. Women with amnio-drainage gave birth significantly earlier (30.4 weeks' gestation) than those without polyhydramnios (36.7 weeks' gestation). Thus, CMN was frequently associated with polyhydramnios and this polyhydramnios was associated with a significant increase in the risk of preterm birth. Of 20 patients with available data, the affected-side kidney was 'compressed' in 16 and 'replaced' in 4: polyhydramnios was present in a half vs 100%, respectively, suggesting that a 'replaced' kidney may suggest a more aggressive tumour and may be associated with a poorer prognosis. Univariate analysis showed that early gestational week at diagnosis was the only feature significantly associated with poor prognosis. Thus, polyhydramnios, 'replaced' kidney and early gestational week at diagnosis, may indicate poor prognosis, to which obstetricians should pay attention.